托福写作复习资料

　　3.   你认为中国的大学教育还存在什么问题？你有什么好的解决方案吗？

　　用户回答参考：

　　● The universities of China has a large of quantity, but quality. The long history of Chinese culture about seeking success and the backgrounds of realism without religion about most Chinese leads a prominent phenomenon that study in university is to get a graduate certification to satisfied many requirements the employers required. Hence, many students are not concentrating the process of learning knowledge and many professors are not concentrating the education quality. The essential reason about this is no matter how outstanding a university can teach their students about research, they care more about how many students are employed after graduate. Nowadays, ministry of education of China advocates reformation of higher education. They hope more students could learn from processes rather than the old way that just listening at the seat. But many students are not adopting this, because after this the students are still facing the same problems. If the reformation of higher education wants to have some effectively changes, the way to change is to change the conceptions the society held and bring up the students really concentrate the research.

　　● 中国的大学教育太过应试，从现在大学生的学习状况就可以看出，很多学生平时上课迟到旷课，到了期末开始埋头苦读挑灯夜战，并且有这么一句话说大学学的是最后一个月甚至是一个星期，并且学生们照样及格甚至拿高分。在这样的状况下，是不能培养出有独立思维的学生的，并且在这样的状况下我们也不能保证学生是否真正的学到了知识。对于这种问题，只能从本质上去解决，任何一种规章制度都没有用。首先得从学生的思想上改变现有的观念，要让学生不仅仅在考期，更重要的是在平时就主动投入精力到学习中去，让他们建立一个学习是自主的概念；然后，要培养学生发现问题解决问题的能力，如果知识死读书，那样的书呆子对社会是没有任何用处的，就算他到了社会中也只会生搬硬套的使用那些书上的死东西，这样是不会有任何好结果的；最后，得从学校的根本体制做出变化，现在的大学扩招太过严重，造成了老师学生比例的不协调，老师没法照顾到所有的学生，于是就阻碍了其发展，这也是很多优秀的高中生到了大学变成废物的一个因素，学生多的现状虽然一下难以改变，但是我们可以为学生提供自由发展的机会，为学生提供更多的便利，比如说使用实验室，找老师指导项目等等，现在大学老师的重心不是学生，而是各种各样的项目，这有违老师的本职，所以应该帮助其回到正道上来，而不是在歪路上越走越远。

　　● 中国的大学对学生的要求不够严格，通常和国外的“宽进严出”正好相反，要考上大学很难，但是一旦考上了大学，要想毕业十分简单，几乎所有的大学生都能够顺利毕业。这样就导致了很多大学生在学校没有学到真正地东西，只是在学校虚度光阴，这对于大学生本身来说是耽误自己的青春，对于国家来说，大学培养出的部分人才都达不到社会需求的标准，同时很多学生虚度光阴也是对教学资源的一种浪费。解决方法就是中国的大学应当改变现行的考试制度，加强考试的客观性、公正性以及有效性，通过考试能够准确地测试出学生的相关课程知识的掌握，对于达不到毕业要求的学生，坚决不予毕业，只有这样，才能保证大学生能够真正地学有所得，不浪费大学的时间和资源；2. 中国的大学实行入校就确定专业，并且实行调剂制度，所以很多大学生一入校就被调剂到不适合自己的专业，从而产生抵触厌学情绪。解决方法是效仿其它国家，大学入校不分专业，学生可以根据自己的兴趣与专长选择适合自己的课程学习，等到大二再根据自身情况选择专业；3. 中国的有些非名校大学奖学金过少，而助学金过多，这对于那些勤奋刻苦的同学来说是一个打击，解决方法是国家应该投入更多的资金到高等教育方面，让那学非名校大学能够有更多的奖学金来激励同学们认真学习。

　　4.   你有没有上过大学的朋友？你认为如果他们上大学的话，能得到什么改变？

　　用户回答参考：

　　● I do have some friends haven't been in university. Before this winter vacation I never thought we could have something difference in our abilities, until one of them asked me "What's the program called free door?" I know, even he doesn't know the policy of Chinese government that some websites are forbidden to use for Chinese. This is not a phenomenon about the difference between the amount of knowledge the students who are in university and who are not. But the awareness of information, cultures, policies and every aspects in our life. It's a way of thinking. Education of university for undergraduate is a stage to teach them the way to think and to learn knowledge by the processes of thinking.

　　● I have many friends who are under-graduates and graduates. Everyone differs from each other，and they could acquire their distinctive experiences during their college life. Generally speaking, college life could influence our way of think, affects our values, and change our personalities. In the university, we could communicate with people from various backgrounds and with teachers and professors from diverse fields. Through those communications, we acquire much fresh information and ideas, which could influence our values and change our personalities in a long run.

　　● Yes, some of my friends do not have a chance to step into the university and it is really a pity for them. I am not sure whether they would have a better life if they had received the university education, but if so, they would have a totally distinct way of life. The university, of course, could bring them a lot of new friends, most of whom are not local and this would help them broad their eyes. The university is the bridge between society and the school and it would help them better get used to the society life.

二、句子分析

　　英文原句

　　Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

　　难点解析

　　本句难点在于大量的专有名词以及考生们比较陌生的词组用法，如：“a fairly complete cover of”“while higher up”。而且，“consists of…”的特殊用法也容易影响理解句意。

　　在句子分析的过程中，可以通过引导词while（通常作为对比关系连接词），以及“immediately adjacent to…”和“higher up…”方位对比，将句子结构梳理开。然后，可拆出由“until”引导的“there is…”条件状语从句。

　　句子分析

　　子句类型 并列句

　　连 接 词 无逻辑连接词

　　子句内容 Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses.

　　语法分析 Immediately adjacent to the timberline, [状语] the tundra [主语] consists of [谓语] a fairly complete cover [宾语] of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses. [定语]

　　子句翻译 苔原紧挨着树带界线，其中长满了低矮灌木，草本植物和草。

　　子句类型 状语从句

　　连 接 词 until

　　子句内容 There is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

　　语法分析 There [表语] is [系动词] much bare ground [主语] with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. [定语]

　　子句翻译 存在几乎光秃的土地，上面偶尔会长有苔藓、地衣和匍匐状垫状植物。

　　子句类型 并列句

　　连 接 词 while

　　子句内容 Higher up the number and diversity of species decrease.

　　语法分析 Higher up [状语] the number [主语] and [连接词] diversity [主语] of species [定语] decrease. [谓语]

　　子句翻译 物种的数量和多样性会随着（海拔）的升高而下降。

　　全句翻译 苔原紧挨着树带界线，其中长满了低矮灌木，草本植物和草；物种的数量和多样性会随着（海拔）的升高而下降，直到剩下几乎光秃的土地，上面偶尔会长有苔藓、地衣和匍匐状垫状植物。

　　单词记忆

　　Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

　　lichen n. 地衣 moss n. 苔藓 shrub n. 矮灌木 timberline n. 树带界限 herb n. 草 adjacent adj. 临近的 low-lying adj. 低的 prostrate adj. 伏地的 cushion n. 垫子 tundra n. 苔原

三、模仿造句

　　句子结构

　　A could negatively affect B if C

　　结构来源

　　The presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children’s perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.

　　[译] 如果儿童不喜欢这位涉及到的名人，名人在广告中出现可能会不利于儿童对产品的感觉。

　　*此句出自TPO阅读文章中。

　　结构解析 此结构可表达“如果满足条件C（在C情况下），A会对B产生负面影响”的意思。在很多问到个人观点或者支持与否的题目中，这个句型可以用于描述你反对或者不倾向的那个选择。或者，也可以用在对你的论点进行让步，保持论证的严谨性上。

　　模仿使用

　　Porn could not negatively affect teenagers if national legislations are established.

　　[译] 如果国家立法，色情就不会对青少年产生负面影响。

　　适用题目举例

　　TOEFL Writing 7

　　How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

　　TOEFL Writing 119

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.