托福词汇：单词选择题

　　001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.

　　The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) typical

　　(B) satisfied

　　(C) supportive

　　(D) distinctive

　　002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.

　　The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) valued

　　(B) universal

　　(C) uncommon

　　(D) preserved

　　003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.

　　The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) surpassed

　　(B) inclined

　　(C) expressed

　　(D) applied

　　004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

　　The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) records

　　(B) speeds

　　(C) distances

　　(D) periods

　　005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the，friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.

　　The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) pushing

　　(B) releasing

　　(C) strengthening

　　(D) draining

　　006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.

　　The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) drop

　　(B) extend

　　(C) melt

　　(D) drift

　　007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.

　　The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) necessary

　　(B) typical

　　(C) group

　　(D) particular

　　008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.

　　The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) avoid repeating

　　(B) talk about

　　(C) avoid thinking about

　　(D) find a solution for

　　009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.

　　The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) predicted

　　(B) announced

　　(C) corrected

　　(D) observed

　　010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.

　　The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) tricks

　　(B) opportunities

　　(C) preferences

　　(D) experiences

　　021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.

　　The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) improve

　　(B) monitor

　　(C) preserve

　　(D) restore

　　022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.

　　The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) thoughtful

　　(B) substantial

　　(C) relational

　　(D) ceremonial

　　023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) establishment

　　(B) performance

　　(C) authorization

　　(D) season

　　024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.

　　The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) specialized

　　(B) confusing

　　(C) various

　　(D) overwhelming

　　025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.

　　The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) developing

　　(B) ruined

　　(C) complicated

　　(D) fragile

　　026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.

　　The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) ignored

　　(B) showed

　　(C) disguised

　　(D) distinguished

　　027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.

　　The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) stretch

　　(B) branch

　　(C) increase

　　(D) rotate

　　028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.

　　The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) large

　　(B) basic

　　(C) new

　　(D) urban

　　029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.

　　The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) brought about

　　(B) surrounded

　　(C) sent out

　　(D) followed

　　030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years- lots that could have housed five to six million people.

　　The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) certain

　　(B) popular

　　(C) improved

　　(D) possible

　　041. The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.

　　The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) adapts to

　　(B) benefits from

　　(C) consists of

　　(D) focuses on

　　042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.

　　The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) surface

　　(B) sudden

　　(C) rare

　　(D) extreme

　　043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.

　　The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) edges

　　(B) peaks

　　(C) interiors

　　(D) distances

　　044. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.

　　The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) separate

　　(B) create

　　(C) reduce

　　(D) hold

　　045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciationof the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

　　The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) ignorance

　　(B) recognition

　　(C) tolerance

　　(D) forgiveness