托福词汇：单词选择题

2018-05-23 13:56

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　　046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most- distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.

　　The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) concern

　　(B) disadvantage

　　(D) prejudice

　　047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.

　　The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) most frequent

　　(B) occasional

　　(D) most dangerous

　　048. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times.

　　The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) dried

　　(B) flooded

　　(D) evaporated

　　049. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

　　The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) odd

　　(B) marine

　　(D) rare

　　050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.

　　The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) grows again

　　(B) grabs

　　(D) uses as a weapon

　　061. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.

　　The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) finished

　　(B) adjusted

　　(D) upheld

　　062. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.

　　The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) progressive

　　(B) popular

　　(D) well-established

　　063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.

　　The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) growing

　　(B) undeveloped

　　(D) uninteresting

　　064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.

　　The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) only

　　(B) honorable

　　(D) official

　　065. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.

　　The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) assures

　　(B) finances

　　(D) publishes

　　066. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.

　　The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) alternates

　　(B) participates

　　(D) meets

　　067. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .

　　The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) tools

　　(B) designs

　　(D) pieces

　　068. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.

　　The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) solutions

　　(B) details

　　(D) information

　　069. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.

　　The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) differences

　　(B) sides

　　(D) studies

　　070. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.

　　The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) susceptible to

　　(B) classified by

　　(D) strengthened by

　　081. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the "railroad novel," are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory.

　　The words "faded from" in line 21 are closest in meaning to

　　(A) grew in

　　(B) disappeared from

　　(D) developed from

　　082. The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and novel design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819) .

　　The word "novel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fictional

　　(B) intricate

　　(D) powerful

　　083. The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a stationarysteam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous.

　　The word "stationary" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) single

　　(B) fixed

　　(D) modified

　　084. In shallow western rivers the weight of vessel and engine was important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation.

　　The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fuel

　　(B) crew

　　(D) craft

　　085. The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves.

　　The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) increased

　　(B) concluded

　　(D) appeared

　　The word "outlining" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) assigning

　　(B) studying

　　(D) summarizing

　　086. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.

　　The word "deliberate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) decisive

　　(B) careful

　　(D) unusual

　　087. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes.

　　The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) ordered

　　(B) reported

　　(D) questioned

　　088. The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist's style, applied the paint.

　　The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) copy

　　(B) illustrate

　　(D) believe in

　　089. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral- information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.

　　The word "comparably" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) interestingly

　　(B) similarly

　　(D) sometimes

　　090. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams.

　　The word "inclination" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) tricks

　　(B) opportunities

　　(D) experiences