托福写作——如何更好添加例子

(1)粗例----粗犷的例子

"粗例"即一类人、物或事，或一个公认事实的例子，说白了就是多数人都能认可的信息。寻找这类例子的时候比较轻松，只要在观点中找出可以继续细化的重点信息然后"narrow

down"就可以了

观点1： Employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified

applicants.

粗例1： International companies desire bilingual employees and offer higher

salaries to attract them.

"粗例"可以建立"面"对"线"的关系，但需要注意不能太空洞，同时也要控制使用的量;粗例子需要搭配因果分析、比较论证来使用，才能使整个段落更有血肉。

(2)细例----细致的例子

"细例"就是具体到一个人、一个物，或一件事，可以是实际存在的，也可以无中生有。这类例子更加鲜活，更有说服力，通常也能占据更长一些的篇幅，平时有意识地积累并灵活联系，写起这类例子来才会更加得心应手。

a. 实际存在的，一方面，这类例子可以是身边，家人、朋友、自己和身边发生的一些事情;另一方面就是名人和一些被报道出来的“名事”了

观点2： Mistakes serve as vivid， sometimes painful deterrents from certain

action.

细例2： A friend of mine suffering from smoking-induced lung disease would

remember the emotional and physical pain associated with the side-effects of

tobacco usage. Not only does he recall the smell of hospitals， the imprint of

pain on the face of someone who died from smoking， but he would also link these

memories immediately with cigarettes.

观点3： You cannot judge a person only by his or her appearance.

细例3： Susan Boyle is one of those. Such an appearance has long been rumored，

but her incredible voice and stunning performance on BGT has won her great

popularity.

b. 此外，"细例"的无中生有就是假设论证，常用if，supposing等开头

观点4： Individuals play a significant role in alleviating traffic

congestion.

细例4： If 30 people get on a public bus instead of 30 individual cars， there

will be far fewer automobiles on the road， greatly easing the traffic

burden.

三、托福写作万能例子

　　1. People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you?

　　2. Some people trust their first impressions about a person s character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person s character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with?

　　3. A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country?

　　4. How do movies or television influence people s behavior?

　　5. Music tells us something about a culture. What does the music of your country reveal about the culture of your country?

　　6. It has recently been announced that a new movie theater (a shopping center/ a new restaurant/ a new high school) may be built in your neighborhood.

　　Do you support or oppose this plan? Why?

　　7. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory?

　　8 In some countries people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good law or a bad law?

　　9. Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land?

　　10. Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved.

　　11. When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer?

　　12. Some people think we should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think we should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with?

　　13. What is one of the most important decisions you have made? Why was this decision important?

　　14 In general, people are living longer now. How will this change affect society?

　　15 We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)?

　　16. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea?

　　17. A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why?

　　18. When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay attention to these opinions?

　　19. People remember special gifts or presents that they have received. Why?

　　20. Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries?