【托福培训-阅读】长难句的解析

8. Amid rumors that there  were  prehistoric mammoths wandering  around the unknown region and

that somewhere in its wilds was a  mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains

set out．

(同位语从句rumors that…)

当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一

座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长  50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。

分句1：Amid rumors

分句2：that there were prehistoric  mammoths wandering around the unknown region

分句3：and that somewhere in its wilds  was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent

分句4：the two captains set out

分句1和分句  4构成倒装，正常的语序应该是分句  4+分句1，即the two captains set out Amid

rumors。分句1嵌套分句  2和分句  3，分句2和分句  3是修饰分句  1的  rumors的同位语从句，

用来说明谣言的具体内容。分句2和分句  3构成并列关系。

9.   In the  seventeenth century  the   organ, the  clavichord，and the  harpsichord  became the   chief

instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained   until the piano supplanted them

at the end of the eighteenth  century．

(同位语a  supremacy)

17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由

它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。

分句1：In the seventeenth century the  organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the  chief

instruments of the keyboard group，

分句2：a supremacy they maintained until  the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth

century

分句2是分句  1的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句  1中的  the chief instruments of the keyboard

group

10．A series of  mechanical  improvements continuing  well into the  nineteenth  century, including

the introduction of  pedals to sustain tone  or to soften it, the  perfection of a metal  frame and steel

wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects  from the

most delicate harmonies to an  almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a

sharp, percussive brilliance．

(介词结构from…to…作定语)

持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框

架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖

了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢

弘气氛。

分句1：A series of mechanical  improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century

分句2：including the introduction of  pedals to sustain tone or to soften it

分句3：the perfection of a metal frame  and steel wire of the finest quality

分句4：finally produced an instrument  capable of myriad tonal effects

分句5：from the most delicate harmonies  to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，

分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance

本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即  A series of mechanical improvements

continuing well into the  nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal

effects，，分句2和分句  3并列修饰说明分句  1中的  A series of mechanical improvements，而

分句5和分句  6并列，修饰说明了分句  4中的  an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects

11．The  largest later  named   Pueblo  Bonito(Pretty  Town)by  the  Spanish,   rose in  five  terraced

stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more．

最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo  Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有800多

间房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。

分句1：The largest rose in five terraced  stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have

housed a population of 1，000 or more

分句2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty  Town)by the Spanish

分句1嵌套分句  2，分句2用来修饰分句  1的主语  the  largest,分句1内部是由三个并列的谓

语构成的句子。

12．Accustomed though  we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has

never been，in the full sense of the word, silent．

(倒装accustomed though we  are…=though we are accustomed…)

虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上

说，电影从未真正的无声过。

分句1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as  “silent”

分句2：the film has never been silent

分句3：in the full sense of the word

本句的难点是在分句  1内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是   though  we    are  accustomed  to

speaking of the films made before  1927 as silent.分句3是一个插入语，嵌套在分句  2中，所以

本句的真正强调的核心是the film has never been silent。

13.For a number of years the  selection  of music for each film  program rested entirely in the hands

of the conductor  or leader of the orchestra，and  very often the principal  qualification  far holding

such  a position   was not  skill  or taste   so  much as  the   ownership of  a large  personal   library of

musical pieces．

(特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…)

在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常担任这种

职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏。

分句1：.For a number of years the  selection of music  for each film  program rested entirely in the

hands of the conductor or leader  of the orchestra

分句2：and very often the principal  qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste

so much as the ownership of a  large personal library of musical pieces

分句1和分句   2构成并列关系，分句  2的难点在于  not……  so much as的结构。

14·Coincident  with  concerns   about  the  accelerating  loss   of  species   and   habitats  has  been   a

growing  appreciation  of   the  importance  of   biological  diversity，the  number   of   species  in  a

particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being．

(倒装coincident with  concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)

在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个

特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。

分句1：Coincident with  concerns about the  accelerating loss of  species and habitats  has been a

growing appreciation of the  importance of biological diversity

分句2：the number of species in a  particular ecosystem

分句3：to the health of the Earth and  human well-being

分句1内部构成倒装，正常语序应该是   concerns  about   the  accelerating  loss   of  species  and

habitats has been coincident  with  a growing appreciation of the  importance of biological  diversity

to the health of the Earth and human  well-being

所以真正的主句经过精简之后是concerns has been coincident with a growing appreciation

分句2是一个插入语，用来解释说明分句  1结尾的  biological diversity

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