【托福培训-阅读】长难句的解析

摘要：托福阅读长难句解析

1.Totally  without light  and   subjected  to  intense pressures  hundreds   of  times greater  than   at  the Earth’s surface，the  deep—ocean bottom is  a hostile  environment  to humans，in  some ways as forbidding and remote as the void  of outer space．

(定语后置in some ways…)

由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一

个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1：Totally without light and  subjected to intense pressures

分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface

分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

分句4：in some ways as forbidding and  remote as the void of outer space

分句2修饰分句  1结尾的短语  intense pressures，

分句1是分句  3的原因状语

分句3是整个长句子的主句

分句4是分句  3的后置定语，修饰分句  3的  a hostile environment to humans

整个句子结构是：

原因状语+主句+后置定语

这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是

深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic  to   any  understanding  of   Canada  in the  20   years  after  the   Second  World  War   is  the

country's impressive population  growth．

(倒装结构Basic to any  understanding…is…)

要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

分句1：Basic to any understanding of  Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War

分句2：is

分句3：the country's impressive  population growth

分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是  3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's

impressive population  growth is   basic to  any understanding  of Canada   in the 20  years after  the

Second World War．

本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是 is.

3.As a result，claims that  eating a diet  consisting entirely of  organically  grown foods prevents or

cures disease  or provides   other  benefits to  health have   become widely  publicized  and  form the

basis for folklore．

(同位语从句claims that…)

结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间

说法的基础。

分句1：that eating a diet consisting  entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease

or provides other benefits to  health

分句2：claims have become widely  publicized and form the basis for folklore

分句2嵌套分句  1，分句1作为分句  2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句  2中。因此本句的主句

是claims  have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些观点广为人知，并

成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that  eating a   diet  consisting entirely  of   organically

grown foods prevents or cures  disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能

防治疾病或增进健康

4.There are numerous  unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，

that fertilized eggs  are nutritionally superior to  unfertilized eggs，that untreated  grains are  better

than fumigated grains and the like．

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的

谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated  reports

分句2：natural vitamins are superior to  synthetic ones

分句3：that fertilized eggs are  nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4：that untreated grains are better  than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句，分句  2、分句3和分句  4是并列关系，共同构成分句  1的同位语

从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。

5·The desperate plight of   the South has eclipsed  the fact  that reconstruction had  to be  undertaken

also in the North，though less spectacularly．

(同位语从句fact that…)

南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建  (尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得

不太重要。

分句1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact

分句2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North

分句3.though less spectacularly（省略）

1和  2嵌套

1和  3并列

6·The  new  accessibility  of land   around  the  periphery   of  almost  every   major city  sparked  an

explosion of real estate  development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．

(宾语从句what we  now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发

的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

分句1：The new accessibility of land  around the periphery of almost every major city sparked  an

explosion of real estate  development and fueled

分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

分句1嵌套分句  2，即分句1是主句，分句  2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是  The new

accessibility of land sparked an  explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。

本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动

词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。

7.But these  factors   do not  account for  the interesting  question of   how there  came  to be   such a

concentration  of pregnant   ichthyosaurs  in a  particular   place very  close  to   their time  of  giving

birth．

(Of结构作定语：of  how there came to be such a concentration  of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)

但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产

的怀孕鱼龙群。

分句1：But these factors do not account  for the interesting question

分句2：of   how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in  a particular place

very close to their time of giving  birth

分句1嵌套分句  2.分句2是  Of结构作后置定语修饰说明  question的内容。