托福阅读备考之100个必懂短语（一）

　　21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的

　　Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

　　22.be regarded as 被认为是

　　Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

　　23.be related to 与…有关的，相联系的

　　Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

　　24. be responsible for 对…负责

　　In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

　　25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的

　　Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

　　26.be subjected to 经历，遭受

　　Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.

　　27. be superior to 优越于

　　Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

　　28 .be traced to 找出根源

　　The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

　　29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到

　　People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

　　30. be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于

　　In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

　　31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的

　　Two distinct processes are involved in molting.

　　32.benefit from 从…中受益

　　Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

　　33.break down 分解

　　All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

　　34.by far 到目前为止

　　Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.

　　35.by means of 通过，凭借

　　The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

　　36.by virtue of 由于

　　Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics

　　37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内

　　The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

　　38.conform to 符合

　　Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area

　　39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于

　　Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

　　40.cope with 对付

　　Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.

　　41.date back to 始于

　　In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.

　　42. depend on 依靠

　　The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

　　43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物

　　Plant stems die when deprived of water.

　　44.derive from 获得，起源于

　　Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.

　　45.due to 由于，因为

　　Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.

　　46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…发展来

　　The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

　　47.extract from 提取

　　It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.

　　48.feed on 以…为食物

　　Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.

　　49.focus on 集中（注意力）于

　　They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

　　50. get rid of 处理掉

　　Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.