托福写作——素材模板

科技对家庭的影响

Technology allows families living in different locations to stay in touch with each other. Filipinos are now able to sent text messages to their relatives in the United States and Europe. Singaporeans who are working overseas are able to keep in touch with their families back home via the Internet. Children of expatriate Laos are able to learn more about their parents’ home country via the Internet.

6.托福写作素材积累：青少年暴力行为的原因

What Causes Teen Violence.

Teen violence is a hot topic in the news lately. Even though school shootings account for less than 1% of homicides among youth, the sensational nature of such violent acts imprints itself on our minds. Additionally, a recent hearing regarding violent video games in the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce has once again highlighted concerns over possible causes of teen violence.

Unfortunately, pinpointing the causes of teen violence is not as simple as pointing to a video game or taking away a gun. There are many causes of teen violence, and most teen violence takes place without guns, in the form of fights and bullying away from school.

Why teens become violent

There are several theories as to why teens act out in violence. Some of the more common reasons for acting out involve modeling behaviors. If teens see violence at home, in the movies, in video games, or on the street, they are more inclined to copy such behaviors. Others, who experience bullying or teasing, become enraged enough to begin acting out in revenge. This can be another cause of teen violence.

Lashing out in response to what has been seen or experienced does not account for all instances of teen violence, however. According to the Centers for Disease Control, teen violence can also be caused by frustration due to learning disorders, emotional distress, or attention deficits. In some cases teens do not know how to appropriately channel their frustrations and act out in anger as a form of release.

No one answer to what causes teen violence

The fact of the matter is that there is no way to directly point to one cause in most cases of teen violence. Because human beings are complex entities, and because there are usually many different factors that come into play, most experts prefer to refer to possible causes as risk factors, rather than actual causes. When most teens act out violence, it is usually due to a variety of reasons, rather than just one cause.

Increasing the chance of acting out in violence

While having fleeting thoughts of violence is normal, there are some things that can contribute to the likelihood of a teen acting out in a violent manner. Dwelling on violent thoughts or playing out violent fantasies mentally on a regular basis can lead to the actual act of violence. Related to playing out fantasies is actually planning out acts of violence. Actually making a plan can be one of the catalysts that actually causes the teen to take a violent step.

Accessibility of the means to carry out violence is another cause of teen violence. Most experts agree that when a teen has access to the tools necessary for a violent plan, the chances of teen violence actually occurring increase. This is especially true when teens have access to guns and other weapons, such as knives and clubs. So, while an exact cause of teen violence cannot be pinpointed, there are definite factors that contribute to the likelihood of it actually taking place.

二、托福写作素材库

1、在谋篇托福独立作文时，什么是最重要的因素?

论点?没错，论点有提纲挈领的作用。论证？没有好的辞藻，和多样性的语言，没有logical的论证的确也不是一篇好的文章？

However, 我认为最重要的是论据！是例子！原因如下：

A) 考虑到写作时间的限制，往往出现这样的情况，也许你的论点言之凿凿，但是就是写不出东西；也许你的英语水平，词汇的多样性水平也很高，就是没有时间去斟酌，并且在有限的时间内写出令你满意的句子。所以，我们要改变策略，首先肚子里要有东西。

B) 我在这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是非常非常有好处的。

C) 同时，这里我说论据实际上相当于写作素材，这种素材可能是一个短语，一个人名，或者是一个完整的例子。For example, 我们要写艺术重不重要？或者只学science就行了？或者specialization vs. generalization (专才和全才的话题)。我们第一个想到的是达芬奇的例子，由这个例子确定对应段落的论点应该是科学促进艺术。

达芬奇的例子附在这里：

Leonardo da Vinci: 特点是全才。//表示艺术和科学的结合吧！！

He is a talented artist who associates theoretical knowledge such as optics, math and geology with painting/drawing. Especially, he learned the proportion and structure of human body from anatomy and employed the knowledge to painting. One of the most famous paintings is Vitruvian Man.

又比如涉及到电影/电视影响类的题目，我们应该想到Avrtar 和 advertisement---》对应的论点应该是电影/电视刺激经济或者科技有助于娱乐业。

非常详细的分类素材，已经在附件里详细包含了。