【托福培训-阅读】细节题和插入句子题

一.词汇

Cordgrass，marsh, deciduous, perennial, gulf, coast, Atlantic, dominant, flora，intertidal,component,estuarine,sediment,stabilizer,substrate,estuary,nursery温床,a standof,elevation,brackish,deterioration,restoration,wetland,erosion腐蚀,channel,oyster,transplant,landscape,drastically,tidal,mudflat,interfere,waterfront,modify,inhospital,reclamation,fringe,meadow,extensive,fishery,germinate,silt,gracel,gland,cobble,sap树叶,toxic，take up, convert, sulfur ,colonize殖民地 ,sulfide二氧化物，sulfate硫酸盐，dioxide

二.具体题目解析

　　1. According to the paragraph , each of the following is true of Spartina alrerniflora

　　A. It rarely flowers in salt marshes.

　　B. It grows well in intertidal zones.

　　C. It is commonly referred to as cordgrass.

　　D. It occurs naturally along the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast of the United States.

这个题目是否定事实信息题，A中的flower是开花的意思，即这种植物在salt marshes中几乎不开花。B它在潮间地区长得很好。C它被称作带状植物。D它是沿着美国的墨西哥湾和大西洋的沿岸所生长的。

定位到原文Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast (是常年生的开花的植物)and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts(它是占主导性的一种植物), where it grows in the intertidal zone(在潮间地区生长) (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).所以A选项是本题的正确选项，此植物是开花的。

2. The paragraph suggests that where Spartina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually

　　A .create conditions in which it can no longer survive

　　B. get washed away by water flowing through the deep, channels that form around it

　　C. become adapted to brackish water

　　D. take over other grass species growing in the area

　　A自己创造环境，自己就不会生存B.会被冲走C.适应比较咸的水，D代替其它的草类

3. . According to this paragraph, in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries by

　　A. controlling marshland decline

　　B. decreasing the substrate elevation

　　C. reducing the brackishness of the water

　　D. increasing the flow of water into the estuary

　　A.能够控制沼泽地的减少。B降低基带的减少C减少水的盐分D.增加在河口中水的流动

以上两题定位到原文中，These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries (河口处的植物)where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. (适合鱼类和贝类生存的地方)Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment,(沉淀) changing the substrate elevation,(改变基质的海拔) and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system (高浓度的沼泽系统)where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. (被高海拔的耐盐的物种所替代了)

As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast(东部沿海地区) Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration(阻止腐蚀和沼泽地的蜕化); it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.(被用来开拓新的沼泽地)

因此第二题中的A是对的，B和C未提到，D不符合文章内容;第三题中的A选项正确，B选项中和文章主要内容相反，错误，C和D文章中没有提到。

4. According to this paragraph, Spartina negatively affects wildlife in estuaries by

　　A. trapping fish and waterfowl in sediment

　　B. preventing oysters from transplanting successfully

　　C. turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows

　　D. expanding the marshy fringes of salt meadows

　　A使得鱼类和水鸟陷到沉淀当中，B阻止了牡蛎成功的移植浅析，D扩大盐滩沼泽化的边缘。

定位到原文中，Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the cast coast (牡蛎从东海岸移出)in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind(缺少捕食性的昆虫), the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington's tidal estuaries (潮间河口)on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape(改变了当地的景观) by trapping sediment.

Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable(不适合生存) to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering (慢慢的阻止了)the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches(干扰了渔业和海边休息区) and waterfronts. Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamation(土地的重新开垦利用) and shoreline stabilization.(稳定海岸线)

In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fringes to extensive salt meadows(盐滩) and reducing the number and kinds of birds and animals that use the marsh.(减少了用沼泽地地区的动物的数量)

所以第四题中的C选项正确

5. 插入句子题Spartina is particularly able to tolerate high salinities because salt glands on the surface of the leaves remove the salt from the plant sap.可以放到哪里

Spartina is an exceedingly competition plant. (很有竞争性的植物)A It spreads primarily by underground stems(通过地下的根去繁殖); colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root (植根于)or when seeds float into a suitable area (种子适合生长的地方)and germinate. B Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities (盐分比较高的地方)ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent).C (与前后文联系之后，此选项最合适)Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. D Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina‘s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.

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