【托福培训-写作】分词和if的正确使用方法

想要写好一篇托福文章，句型和词汇的使用可以说是基础也是重点。托福写作学会分词的使用，能为托福备考带来很大的帮助。

托福写作慎用巧用分词一：用分词替换定语从句时，分词的逻辑主语就是定语从句前的先行词。

如现在分词：We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分词connecting的逻辑主语是the bridge，和后一句中定语从句先行词the bridge， 两者一致。

试比较：The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定语从句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分词结构替换，即绝不能改成：The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因为分词meeting的逻辑主语并不是定语从句先行词the man，而是Tim，所以这是完全错误的说法。

如过去分词：The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase. 绝不可改成：The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分词being asked的逻辑主语是club members，并不是定语从句先行词the issue。

托福写作巧用慎用分词二：表因果

表因果，即当分词所指行为或事件引发了主句所指的事件或行为，可以替换定语从句。

比较：A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改为The snow falling overnight...)只表先后，不表因果

B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分词The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后，表因果。

托福写作慎用巧用分词三：用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态

用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态。如： The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬间性行为动词fell over 和broke 有先后。 比较：I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表状态伴随的动词cover，替换成分词....sheets covering the furniture.

托福写作巧用慎用分词四：情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换

情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换。如：There are a number of people who should be asked.要写出变化的句式，需在熟练掌握各种句型的同时，做到活学活用融汇贯通，并非易事。希望大家平时认真打好好语法和词汇的基本功，多开口勤动笔，在实践中学习。

托福写作目标冲7的同学，最好重点掌握分词结构代替定语从句的用法。

"IF"怎么用?大家在举例的时候常常会这么说“如果………”,”假设………..”,即if………先不说这种举例的好还是坏,就本身的句子而言,很多都是有问题的.

例子:

[Scenery]Sue has lost her watch. She think it may be at Ann’s house.

SUE: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?

(1) ANN: no, but I’ll have a look when I get home. If I find it, I’ll tell you.

If I find…., I’ll……

(2) Ann says: If I found a wallet in the street, I’d take it to the police.

If I found……, I’d(=I would)……..(而不是if I find, I’ll…..)

这里两个句子有着不同的意思,前者表示Ann觉得她有找到手表的真实可能性.因此才说if I find….., I’ll…..

而后者是完全不同的情况.在这里Ann没有考虑真实的可能性;她在虚拟这一个托福 作文 情景,并不认为真的可以在街上拣到手表.于是才说:if I found……,I’d……

if I do……….和if I did………的区别

用if+过去式(if I found / if you were / if we didn’t等) 表示虚拟的事情,而不是指过去时间发生的事情:

What would you do if you won a million pounds?

I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go. They’d be offended if I didn’t go

Sarah has decided not to apply for the job. She isn’t really qualified for it, so she probably wouldn’t get it if she applied.

If从句中一般不用would:

I’d be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me.(而非if somebody would point)

If I didn’t go to their party, they’d be offended(而非if I wouldn’t go)

If …….would可以表示用来请求某人做某事:

would be grateful if you would send me your brochure as soon as possible.

“Shall I close the door?” “yes, please, If you would.”

Would(‘d) / wouldn’t用于句子的主句(不是if从句)

If you took more exercise, you’d (=you would) probably feel healthier.

Would you mind if I used your phone?

I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep.另外,if引导的条件句也能引起倒装,如果要是在作文里用到,也是一个加分点:先看正常语序.It would be a serious setback, if the talks were to fail.If you should need more information, please telephone our main office.f Alex had asked, I would have been able to help.倒装是要省略if it would be a serious setback, were the talks to fail.Should you need more information, please telephone our main office. Had Alex asked, I would have been able to help倒装句比if-从句更加正式.但是在否定句里面,不可以用缩写e.g.Had he not resigned, we should have been forced to sack him(不用hadn’t he…..)

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