托福考试写作趋势分析

　　2.句法多样

　　应用多种“黄金句型”，避免重复单一。建议考生平时多做造句练习，以便更熟练地掌握典型句式。“黄金句型”包括：

　　1)强调句。

　　It is in the process of such an endeavor that people realize the power of unity.

　　It is the associated responsibility that builds up a solid infrastructure of a group.

　　2.)倒装句

　　Not only will it help one keep a good balance between work and rest, but it can also further benefit him both spiritually and physically.

　　Good medicine tastes bitter but cures diseases and saves life, so does honest advice.

　　3)并列结构

　　Tremendous investments are being made to construct more roads, build more overpasses and develop new bus and subway lines.

　　Taking up a favorite subject improves performance during their course of study and brings about more satisfactory results.

　　4)修辞问句

　　How could a person show pure friendliness to others while wearing a smiling mask?

　　Shouldn’t the students finish their homework on time?

　　5)插入语

　　Other people, however, would rather hold smaller ones within the family.

　　二.“论证技巧”策略

　　由于独立写作的体裁均为议论文，因此，考生必须灵活运用多重论证技巧，最为典型的论证技巧包括：

　　1. 例证法

　　举例是说服力极强的论证技巧。此外，应尽量使事例具体化。如：...For instance, traffic jam fees were introduced in Singapore in 1975. Since then, Sweden, Britain, Norway, Italy, Portugal and China have followed suit... 又如：Having an intelligent partner by our side is just like receiving charcoal when the snow falls. He is competent enough to offer sincere and applicable suggestions that could drag us out of troubled waters. By making full use of our combined wisdom, problems can be solved easily. Take my cousin as an example: He has just set up his own company. At the very beginning, he was faced with a series of problems in business administration. After consulting his best friend, an MBA student in Harvard, he smoothly tackled those problems. As an old Chinese saying goes, ‘he who gets in contact with vermillion will become red’. A friend’s wisdom and accomplishments can directly influence us in positive ways. 建议考生平时广泛搜集可作为热点话题论据的各种素材，包括名人轶事、历史事件、新闻报道、生活经历等等，不断积累，并学会将其恰当地应用于论证过程之中。

　　2.因果论证法

　　因果论证法是深入展开讨论的典型论证技巧，恰当使用因果法，可以使段落思路连贯，逻辑明晰，论证严谨透彻。因果法论证步骤：提出论点→提出原因→分析条件→得出结果。如：Besides, TV is also an effective teaching tool that helps enhance learning efficiency. The large variety of education programs are specially designed to make study time more enjoyable. “Follow me,” a popular English learning program, is a perfect example. The superior visual and sound effects help leave a deeper impression on the viewers and improve their learning effectiveness. Therefore, TV does not merely serve for delight but also for education.

　　3.拆分法

　　在写作构思过程中，往往需要对论点进行合理拆分，从不同侧面展开论述，以达到论证逻辑的全面性。例如：Secondly, travelling expenditures may be cut down and much money can be saved. Regarding the accommodation on the journey, companions can share a double room in a hotel. Thus, each of them only has to pay half of the room price. The same is true with eating. It is a most popular choice for travelers to go dutch when having meals in restaurants. In this way, not only can they enjoy more dishes, but they can also spend less money than people who dine alone. In addition, on the trip, there might be the necessity to rent vehicles. Likewise, transportation costs can be shared equally between them as well.

　　三.“真题完胜”策略

　　托福写作考试的命题趋势表明，考题重复出现的概率很高，因此，机经的参考价值不容小觑。建议考生在平时写作练习过程中，充分选用最近几年考过的写作真题，对过去几年考过的题目进行分类整理，并有针对的进行练习，以求“事半功倍”。

　　四.“赢在范文”策略

　　高分范文无疑是参考价值最高的写作备考资料。然而，很多考生因不知如何借助典型优秀范文快速提高写作成绩而苦恼。

　　首先，应当挑选题目新、话题多样、写法全面的高质量范文资料，这一点至关重要，倘若范文质量欠佳，势必会影响备考效率。然后，按照如下步骤使用范文资料：

　　第1 步，通读30 篇高分范文，注意寻找文章的写作思路和主要论点，把握整体框架。以《托福高分范文大全》中的文章为例，2013 年6 月15 日考题：

　　The way a person dresses in is a good indication of his/her personality and character. 通读此文时，应找到文章主要论点：1. 着装习惯反映个人偏好;2. 着装习惯透露了性格的某些方面;3. 除了着装习惯，行为和举止是性格的更真实体现。

　　第2 步，精读10 篇范文，理清每句话之间的关系。如：Relatives were co-habitants inside a large house where more intimate relationships could be stably maintained and carried on. Nowadays, however, nuclear families are taking up the greatest ratio of social build-up... 这两句话之间形成了转折的逻辑关系。又如：Minor setbacks might cause a loss of confidence, or even produce overwhelming distress. Therefore I think it is unrealistic to expect a person who is down in spirit to accomplish their goals. 这两句话之间形成了因果逻辑关系

　　第3 步，详细分析10 篇范文，弄懂每句话内部的关系以及每句话之间的关系。如：In addition, obsessed with computer games, children are gradually becoming slaves under the control of the pre-designed game modes. As a matter of fact, it is not only a waste of time, but may also considerably mislead children mentally... 在这段话中，标志词in addition 表明首句承前启后，该句中，过去分词短语obssessed with... 表原因，children are usually... 是原因所导致的结果。第二句是对首句的进一步解释说明，注意not only...but also... 这个典型句式的应用。

　　第4 步，选取经过详细分析的10 篇范文题目进行仿写练习。

　　第5 步，再选取另外10 道题目进行写作练习，完成后与范文对照，寻找自己的优点与不足之处。

　　五.“临场实战”策略

　　毋庸置疑，合理安排考试时间是取得优异成绩的关键所在。对于独立写作而言，通常应按照如下步骤完成答题：首先，审题并确定立场;然后，确定分论点，构建文章框架;下一步，全面展开论述;最后，通读全文，进行必要的修改。

　　综上所述，无论是在艰苦的备考过程之中，还是在紧张压抑的考场之上，托福写作高分策略势必将有助于增强考生必胜的信心，进而确保其高水平发挥，并最终获得理想的分数。