美加直通车托福基础写作讲义

　　(2)One of句型

　　One of the most +形容词(形容词的最高级)+problems(issues, topics) facing(confronting)____ today is that ____. 目前____所面临的最____的一个问题就是____。

　　The symbolic meaning conveyed by ___ is____.

　　如今年轻人所面临的最主要的一个问题就是就业压力越来越大。________________________

　　当前大学毕业生面临的一个最紧迫问题就是如何找到理想的工作。_______________________困扰着世界上许多国家的一个最严重的问题就是水资源缺乏。__________________________

　　一个越来越引人关注的普遍问题是，______是否明智。

　　日益升高的青少年犯罪率已经成为现代社会的一个最大的问题。_________________________

　　3)when 引导的句型

　　1. When it comes to (asked about) ____, the majority of people (the public) maintain (contend, contradict) that ____. 说到 ____, 大多数人(公众)坚持认为(争辩说)____.

　　当谈到大学生是否从事一些有偿劳动时，有人反对说这样会给他们的学习带来负面影响。说到___问题，人们对此的态度因人而异。

　　2. When we ____, our attention is always attracted by ____.

　　当我们做____ 的时侯，____ 总是引起我们的注意。

　　当我们读报纸或看电视的时侯，年轻人日益增高的失业率总是引起我们的注意。

　　3. I am always surprised when I hear people saying that ____.

　　每当我听人们说____时，我总是感到很吃惊。

　　每当我听人们说即使明牌大学的毕业生也很难找到满意的工作时，我总是感到很吃惊。________

　　4)Whether引导的句型

　　Whether ____or not has become a controversial issue. 是否____已成为一个有争议的问题。

　　A vigorous debate over the issue whether ____or not has intrigued the public.关于是否____问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。celebrities

　　关于教师是否在教育领域不再起重要作用的问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。____________

　　关于游客应该吸收东道主国家的文化还是东道主接受外来的文化，这一问题的激烈争议引起了公众的兴趣。__________________________________________________________________

　　Whether _____ has triggered more heated discussion than ever before.

　　The practice of ____ makes people doubt whether _____ is worthwhile.

　　The issue of whether ____or not has been widely debated in ____nowadays.现在，就是否____的问题在____展开了广泛的讨论。

　　现在，就政府该不该投资艺术的问题在社会展开了广泛的讨论。subsidize_________________________

　　5)否定词+比较级=最高级

　　1. Nothing in the world is more important (valuable) than ____.世界上没有比____更重要的了。

　　Nothing is more important than living in a society where ordinary people can enjoy the conveniences brought by science and technology.

　　没有一项发明象计算机同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.________________________________

　　恐怕没有什么东西对人类的日常生活影响能超过计算机。_____________________________

　　Probably nothing has more effect on the daily lives of human beings than do computers.

　　There is no better way to keep healthy than doing proper sports daily.

　　There is no better other way to learn English than living in a country where it is spoken.

　　2.Nowhere in the world has the issue of ____ been so much debated as in our society.

　　世界上没有什么地方比我们社会对____问题争辩得如此激烈。

　　3.Never before in history has the issue of ____ been more evident (visible) than nowadays.

　　____问题从来没有比现在表现得更明显。

　　对待动物的问题从来没有比现在表现得更明显。_____________________________________

　　6) there be 引导的句子There is no doing = It is impossible to do =No one can无法，不能There is no denying(doubt) that + 句子 毫无疑问,_____. 毫无疑问, 我们的教育制度令人不满意。_______________

　　不可否认，我们的生活质量越来越好。___________________________________________________

　　There is no (use, good, need, point, hurry, harm) in doing 做某事是(无用的，不必要的，不急的，无妨的)There is a heated debate as to whether a person’s social status is awarded on basis of his wealth or his talent

　　即使计算机已经应用于教育，还是需要学生在老师的指导下进行学习。________________________

　　恐怕没有人不渴望事业成功的。______________________________________________________

　　There is a growing (increasing) number of people who hold that ____.

　　Nowadays, there is an ever-growing tendency for somebody to do

　　There is a heated (hot, vigorous, robust, much, general，growing) argument (discussion, debate, disagreement, controversy, skepticism) nowadays among people as to (over, concerning, regarding) the issue(phenomenon) of whether____ or not

　　.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the issue of ____.

　　这两种观点可能都有些道理。__________There is a certain inevitability that science and technology will progress rapidly.

　　7) 倒装句 1. Only when(if, in this way, by this means)+can+主语

　　只有这样才能正确地解决这个问题。___________________________

　　只有在个人，国家和国际组织的共同努力下，环境问题才能得到有效地解决。 ___________________

　　Only when children make full use of their innate (inborn, inherent congenital)resources and take arduous efforts (make painstaking endeavors), can they become the biggest successes.

　　2. 形容词(副词，动词， 介词短语)as+主语+动词

　　虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活质量绝对令人不满意。___________________________________

　　3. 表语(形容词，副词，介词短语，分词)+主语+系词Of crucial importance learning to compete and cooperate is becoming in modern society.

　　知足者常乐.___________. 如今对青少年最为危险的事情是倾向于过多地玩电脑游戏。____________

　　4. Not only do cars pollute - but endanger .

　　5. So_precious___ that So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子

　　时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。_____ So polluted with poisonous chemicals has the air been that we hardly breathe it.

　　现代人为紧张的工作所累，几乎没有时间品尝人生。______________________________________

　　8)否定句 .not so much ____ as—— 与其____不如

　　一个人的工资取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献而不是他的教育背景。____________________________________________________________________

　　大学生参加兼职工作不是为钱，而是为更好地了解社会。_____________________________________

　　Not____without 不____就不， 没有____就没有Cannot____without = cannot____but 每次____总会

　　父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。______________________________________

　　既然人类是杂食动物，所以不能离开肉类而生存。_________________________________________

　　我们可以在没有商业广告的情况下生活， 但我们不能够没有信息而生存。_______________________

　　We can live without the presence of the advertising, but we cannot

　　survive without information.

　　On no account ( by no means, in no way, under no circumstances)can we + V ____ (我们绝对不能...) 我们绝对不能忽略知识的巨大价值。_________________________________________

　　.be far from satisfactory远不如人意。

　　介词against, beyond, but, except, without,... 形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, neglect, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want, be devoid of, far from 短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at sea

　　a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means

　　The problem of ____ should be taken into account now. ____ 问题现在应该被考虑在内了。

　　大城市的交通阻塞问题现在应该被考虑在内了。_________________________________________

　　应该教会孩子学会竞争与合作。___________________________________________________

　　can be viewed(seen, regarded) as 可以看作是____.

　　大学毕业生的高薪可以看作是他们多年刻苦努力的一种回报。High salaries of celebrities can be regarded as a reward of many years’ great efforts.

　　应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响.

　　10) 虚拟句It is hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals .

　　有人提出广告对年轻人产生了不良影响，因此必须要禁止。__________ ___________________________________________heritage

　　我建议政府应该保护古老建筑以继承文化遗产和传统价值。___________________________________

　　11) 强调句 正是激烈的社会竟才迫使现代人不断地努力工作._________________________________

　　12) 插入语常用的表达for example, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, however, in most cases, to some extent, in the long run, believed it or not, to be honest, to tell the truth, to put it in another way, generally(broadly) speaking，what is more important, if so, most important of all, to make things worse, worse still, strange to say, in other words, on balance, a new study shows, it seems, some people believe, among other things, to one’s surprise

　　最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。_________________________________

　　After-hours study, if properly managed, holds the key to success in the 21st century.

　　Observing local culture can reduce the chance of offending the locals and misunderstanding, consciously and unconsciously, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict.

　　有人相信空间探索将会带来意想不到的发现。_________________________________________

　　现代妇女无论从家庭还是社会方面上讲都做出了巨大的贡献。_____________________________

　　Providing more parking areas, in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world.

　　无论相信还是不相信，如今青少年犯罪率在许多国家呈上升趋势.______________________________

六、句子类型

　　1. 简单句 私家车越少就意味着交通堵塞越少。_________________________________________

　　The exhaust gas and irritating noise impair people’s health greatly.

　　Today's parents spend too little time staying with their children and use television to make their children keep quiet.

　　Nowadays, an increasing number of people do not wear their national clothes, thus forgetting their culture and their history.

　　2. 并列句(平行结构)Some people live in one community all their lives, while others move around almost as much as nomads.

　　Both of tourists and hosts should respect reciprocal (mutual) customs and culture.

　　.A person's living environment can greatly affect both his physical and mental health.

　　Paid-work helps a student to develop greater independence, and earning his own pocket money can teach him how to handle his finances.

　　On one hand, teachers can impart knowledge to students; on the other hand, they can educate them how to be real persons.一方面教师可以向学生传授知识，另一方面又教育他们怎样做人

　　3. 复合句 1)主语从句 Those who____ can____.Those who hardly eat meat in daily life (Vegetarians, Antivivisectionists)can prevent some serious diseases caused by unsanitary meat.

　　An increasing number of people come to realize that the disappearance of some endangered species of animals will pose a serious threat to the equilibrium of ecosystem.

　　2) 宾语从句

　　Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes considerably to a person’s physical fitness.

　　许多专家指出体育锻炼极大地有助于身体健康。An increasing number of people come to realize that the disappearance of animals will result in serious threat to the equilibrium of ecosystem eventually.The decline of British industry has meant that poorly educated men, in particular, have fewer job opportunities.

　　3) 表语从句The flaw in this explanation is that British teenagers are, in general, richer, better educated and wealthier than ever.

　　4) 定语从句 Running theaters and stadiums can earn much money that can contribute substantially to other fields, including medical care, and education.

　　Only in these times where competition is becoming increasingly fierce, university graduates find it hard to obtain a job.

　　Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence. 父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。

　　Water, which is essential for life, can quickly become the only thing that matters if there is a threat to our water supply. 水对生命至关重要，如果供水成了威胁，很快就会变成唯一关键的问题

　　5) 状语从句 见课堂笔记(重点掌握)

　　6)同位语从句Some people hold the opinion that preventing wild animals from dying out is a waste of resources.

　　3. 并列复合句____

　　____, and____,which____.

　　Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality, and it is easier for university students to realize their potentials and talents, which is of vital importance to their further development in the future.

　　There are many dangers that one can face in a new and different environment and the best way to protect yourself is to be well aware of possible dangers before you depart.

　　4. 多重复合句

　　Many parents point out that children spend too much time playing computer games which have little educational value, so children should be prevented from computer games.

　　However, we must admit that it would be a mistake to neglect theoretical knowledge in that they are the cornerstones of many practical courses and help students cultivate their logical thinking and judgment.

　　许多人认为有国外学历的人比没有的人赚的多。

　　事实上，有无数大学毕业生报怨他们在学校里学到的知识却不能转变为有用的工作技能。

　　应该创造这样一种环境，孩子们可以充分发挥他们的才能和潜力，以便长大后为社会作出最大的贡献。

　　当机会到来的时侯，只有作好充分准备的人才会优胜于他们的同龄人，因为他们提前付出了艰苦的努力。

　　尽管这一观点被广泛接受, 很少有证据表明暴力犯罪率与大众媒体的暴力数量有直接关系。

　　大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。许多市民抱怨城市污染严重, 以至于他们每天都要吸入有毒的气体, 这对他们的健康是十分有害的。