美加直通车托福基础写作讲义

　　(十)、原因句

　　1、Violent films can do harm to young people, because they contains numerous negative information. 暴力影片对年轻人是有害的，因为其中包含大量负面信息。 2、Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction. 野生动物灭绝的主要责任在人类。 3、We should attribute (ascribe)medical advances to the animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment. 我们应该把医学的发展归因于动物对实验做出的巨大贡献。 4、Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems. 由于人口过剩，水短缺已经成为一个最严重的问题。 5、Owing to the fierce competition in today’s world, a great many young people find themselves under great pressure. 由于当今世界的激烈竞争，大量的年轻人承受巨大的压力。

四、英语句子成分

　　1. 主语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子)

　　2. 谓语(动词或动词短语)

　　3. 宾语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词：want agree hope plan decide offer prefer wish intend fail desire refuse afford choose manage expect aim promise consent pretend neglect ignore omit happen determine demand threaten resolve decline propose undertake volunteer。跟动名词作宾语的常见动词：finish enjoy mind keep stop dislike consider suggest miss avoid regret admit acknowledge delay practice deny imagine postpone risk advocate recall resist appreciate cannot help confess escape fancy defer resent evade contemplate forgive permit detest repent。

　　跟双宾语的常见动词：ask sent show teach give bring buy find get keep lend tell write wish offer deprive

　　4. 表语(名词，形容词:某些形容词，如careless, absurd, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, inconsiderate, greedy, money-oriented acquisitive materialistic generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, self-centered egocentric wicked, wrong等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。代词，数词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)

　　5. 定语(形容词，代词，数词，不定式，名词，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)

　　____, which 1.is beneficial to adjusting to

　　2. is detrimental (hazardous)to

　　3. means(is equivalent to)

　　6. 状语(副词，形容词短语, 不定式，分词，介词短语，名词，句子)

　　7. 补语(形容词，名词，不定式：下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask get prompt allow forbid prefer announce force press inspire require assist hate pronounce advise recommend bear implore remind beg induce report compel invite command intend show drive mean train cause instruct deserve leave tell direct tempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourage oblige condemn

　　teach entreat permit wish，分词，介词短语)

　　8. 同位语(名词，不定式，动名词, 句子，后跟同位语从句的常见词fact news question proposal report altitude (latitude longitude evidence proof suggestion request idea conclusion thought notion value fiction fear)

　　9. 插入语(不定式，分词，介词短语，句子)

五、典型句式

　　1) it 引导的句子 1. It is hard to imagine what _____ would look like without ____. 很难想象如果 _____ 没有了_____，_____ 会变成什么样子。

　　Residents in the disasters immediate prompt

　　很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机，我们的生活会变成什么样子。

　　It is true that ____;however, ____. 确实____，但是____。

　　确实，年轻人在现代社会中会遇到极具挑战性的困难，但是他们会想尽一切办法去克服。______

　　2. It has been made easier (possible) for somebody to do. 某人很容易做某事

　　现代人很容易通过互联网在几秒钟内就取得联系。____________________________________

　　医学的发展使得人们有可能比过去活得长多了。_____________________________________

　　3. It takes time for somebody to do something 做某事需要多少时间

　　对许多人来说，要适应工作上的较大变动，可能需要很长一段时间。

　　4.It is + 形容词，名词+that(whether)主语从句

　　It is evident (an undeniable fact)that the wide use (popularity) of computers can make lives of modern people convenient.

　　It is unconceivable that_____ instead of shifting(switching) it job-hopping. 可想而知(无可争辩)，____。

　　可想而知，积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。It is conceivable that taking an active part in physical exercises(being physically active) is of benefit to health.

　　无可争辩, 现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活。lead a miserable life of starvation and exposure to the cold.

　　It is a controversial issue whether we make friends with the same ideas or with the opposite(opposing) ones . 是否____，这是一个有争议的问题。

　　女性是否应该参军，这是一个有极大争议的问题。

　　It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not.

　　Is it a blessing or a curse whether ____ or not?

　　It goes without saying that ____. 毫无疑问, ____.

　　毫无疑问，教育在人的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。_________________________________毫无疑问，科技的巨大进步为人类带来了许多好处。_________________________________

　　It is understandable(inevitable)that people’s attitudes are divergent on this controversial issue.

　　5. It is+副词(commonly, widely, generally, universally)+过去分词(said, known, believed, held, argued, noted, estimated, accepted, recognized，acknowledged)+that ____; however,____.

　　全世界都知道水对人类是不可缺少的。

　　It is universally acknowledged that ____field(sector, walk, arena circle); however, they create(yield) adverse impacts on psychological wholesome of children.

　　It is largely (natural) taken for granted that ____. ____ 是理所当然的。

　　计算机在我们日常生活中发挥着重要作用是理所当然的。

　　It has long been considered only right and proper (perfectly justified) to ____.

　　长期以来，____ 被视为____是理所应该的(完全合理的)。

　　上一代为下一代的成长承担完全的责任，长期以来被视为是理所应该的。

　　It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.

　　It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water by 2010.

　　6. It is+表示建议，命令的形容词(necessary, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable)

　　+that+(should)+动词原形

　　采取紧急措施与青少年非法吸毒作斗争非常必要。

　　It is imperative that something urgent be done to combat the widespread use of illegal(unlawful illicit illegitimate ) drugs among teenagers(adolescents, youngsters, juveniles).

　　(1) It is +somebody(something)+who(that).

　　人类正是为了维持生态平衡，才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种免遭残杀。_______________

　　(2) It is not until ____ that ____. 直到____才____

　　直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时，才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。

　　7. It is no good (use, a waste of time, sense) doing. 覆水难收。________________________

　　It is no good blinking the fact that 不能无视 _____的事实.

　　8.It is high (about) time that ____. 该是____的时候了。

　　9. It has been____ since(before)____. 自从____来已经有____时间了。

　　自从计算机进入家庭以来已经有二十几年的时间了。__________________________________

　　10. It is worth doing something = It is worthwhile to do = It is worthy of being done =It pays to do ________是值得的。____是划算的。

　　有理由关心孩子的行为方式。