托福阅读_最热门的复习技巧都在这里（一）

　　选项解读：

　　A选项里面有对两个时间状语的对比，出现的词跟原文也比较吻合，貌似比较正确，但最后的descendent是肯定，与原文的否定相矛盾，排除。所以，要看肯定否定。

　　B选项里面有initially和now两个时间状语的对比，从句的时间也能对应上，没有明显硬伤，所以正确答案的可能性很大。

　　C选项开头有一个表示让步的though, 可以排除掉该选项了，因为原文并没有让步关系。所以，不光要看意思，还要看原文结构，即有无明显逻辑关系（转折、递进、并列、让步等），然后可以据此第一时间内排除掉某些逻辑明显错误的选项，节省时间。

　　D选项开头it is unclear whether一看就可以排除掉了，因为原文是now agree, 所以要看原句主要意思。

　　Eg2: Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

　　Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.

　　The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.

　　Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills as well as other factories tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.

　　Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.

　　原句主干解读：

　　and连接的两个简单句，因为是并列关系，所以两个简单句的主要意思都要包含在正确答案中。第一个简单句中的重点信息：only, the last of these was suited（代词these指的是上文中的running water）。第二个简单句中的重点信息：although引导的让步句不是很重要，重要的是后面的主句：(but) it had one great disadvantage以及冒号后面的解释内容，尽量看懂。（注意此句隐含的转折关系）

　　选项解读：

　　A选项里面有一个最高级best, 原文没有出现，可以排除掉。后面的only修饰错误，且出现了例子Lancashire and Scotland, 一般长句分析中的例子，比如人名地名等大写信息不会出现在正确答案中。所以，要看最高级、比较级、绝对词及例子。

　　B选项里面的前半句话很正确，但后面的which explains why的因果关系原文没有出现。所以，要看外形，即明显逻辑关系。

　　C选项出现大写例子，only使用不当。所以，要看绝对词、例子。

　　D选项的几个关键信息，the only...was suitable for..., but, regardless of...与原文重点信息一致，为正确选项。

　　总之，长句理解题的关键在于：1. 读懂原文关键信息（找句子主干，分清主句从句）；2.观察原文外形，即明显逻辑关系（注意隐含的逻辑关系，比如although后面被省略掉的but）及绝对词；3. 看选项时，多观察选项的特别之处（比如最高级、比较级、绝对词）；4. 原文的大写信息比如人名地名在做例子的时候一般不会出现在正确选项中。

　　句子插入题不同于词汇题、句子简化题亦或是事实信息题的位置不固定，句子插入题每篇文章都会出现一道，并且一定位于最后一题内容小结题之前的倒数第二题。试想一下，这是为什么呢？因为ETS是一个很人性化的机构，如果这类题出现在前几道题的位置，而你又选错了，那么会对你对文章的理解造成困扰，影响你做其他的问题。所以，要把它放在后面。而没有它，是不影响你做题不影响你读文章的。

　　既然这句插入的话对文章本身是没有影响的，那么插入的句子插在某段段首的几率大么？答案明显是否定的。原因呢？因为外国人的思维模式比较直截了当，不会像中国人那样藏着掖着，抛砖引玉或是画龙点睛。所以往往在某段第一句的句子在该段都起着至关重要的角色：主题句，它会总结上文，而更多的情况是引领下文。

　　我们排除了一个答案：就是段首的位置，但是还有三个干扰选项啊！！！句子插入题到底在考察什么呢？答案是：上下文的衔接。插入的句子一定要和上下文衔接得当。下面朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家就带广大的托儿们了解句子插入题解题方法。

　　步骤一：先阅读要插入的句子。

　　步骤二：关注插入的句子主语部分，要在该插入句子之前得以重复。

　　以TPO4 Deer Population of the Puget Sound的句子插入题为例。

　　Paragraph 2-3: Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet, where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. █ Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. █ Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.

　　█The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. █ The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal.

　　Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　There food is available and accessible throughout the winter.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　插入的句子主语部分出现两个单词there 和food, there是地点状语，说明插入的位置之前出现了地点和食物。而文中的四个插入的句子只有第二处之前提到了high-elevation browser和lowland areas, 并且还提到了鹿吃的browse, 所以答案是第二处。

　　步骤三：注意插入句子的逻辑关系词：转折，递进和因果关系表示结果的词。

　　下面以TPO 3 Long-term stability of ecosystem为例。

　　Paragraph 6: █Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. █The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. █We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. █

　　Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　插入的句子主语部分是：damage to the environment by human, 要和原文得以重复，我们不难发现在第二处和第三处都有提到，但是插入句子的开头出现了一个逻辑关系词：in fact。这个词的意思是：事实上，在托福阅读插入句子中表示递进。如果发现逻辑关系词，问题似乎就迎刃而解了，我们发现第六段的第二句是个例子，也就表明第二句话一定是为前面一句话服务的，这句话的意思是：火山爆发所造成的破坏比起人类造成的破坏显得苍白无力。但是我们发现第一句话中完全没有提到自然灾害所造成的破坏，只是提到了人类活动所造成的破坏。所以我们应该把插入的句子放在第二处，它对第一处进一步阐明作者思想。

　　朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家也帮助大家总结了常出现在句子插入题中的逻辑关系词：

　　★表示转折：however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless

　　★表示递进：in fact, actually, indeed, furthermore, additionally, besides

　　★表示结果：as a consequence, as a result, thus, hence, so

　　除了上述三点做题方法，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家还总结了插入句子中的表示持续性的动词，例如：continue to, keep on, go on, again, 这些单词和词组都有一个共同的特点，都和再一次有关。换句话说，既然它说了"继续，再一次，持续"则意味着"原来有过，所以才能继续"，所以在找插入点时，只要把持续做的事，在段落中找到即可，插入的句子一定插在它的后面。

掌握了以上三种做题方法，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家相信托儿们一定能秒杀句子插入题。