托福写作官方指南（一）

六、定语从句与同位语从句的差别

　　定语从句对名词起修饰作用

　　同位语从句对名词起解释说明的作用

　　定语从句去掉引导词必缺少一部分

　　同位语是完整的部分

　　易出现同位语的词：

　　Report ,idea , new , belief , fact , dream 即抽象名词易出现同位语

　　重组句子：

　　1 主句：they were not taken seriously

　　2 reports came into London zoo

　　3 a wild tiger had been spotted forty-five mlies south of London

　　每天寻找三个长难句拆开，七天后组合(新概念三册、新TOFEL真题阅读)

　　2 句子的拆分联系

　　3 feel obliged to 感到不得不做sth

　　用have to 标志 ----最熟悉的陌生人(用熟悉的英文标注生词)

　　4 “，for ”的使用方法 ：表达因果关系最经典的方法

　　5 分词做后置定语：把定语从句变为现在分词作后置定语

　　主动---现在分时，被动---过去分时

　　Prove 代替 am ,is ,are

　　A trail of 一串串 a trail of beautiful story

　　6 情诗：(五种让步)

　　无论你去哪里 whenever you go

　　无论你做什么 whatever you do

　　无论你爱的是谁 whoever you love

　　无论你何时归来 whenever you come back

　　无论那时你多老多丑 however old and ugly you are

　　我都会在此等待 I will be right here waiting for you

　　7 a munber of = many =a lot of

　　Sb be fully convinced that = be sure

　　e.g : 记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京

　　Journailists hear that sun will come to BJ

　　They set out to obtain the new

　　保留作者意图的句子作为主句

　　Hearing that sun will come to BJ ,journailists set out to obtain the news

　　Hearing the news that sun will come to BJ ,journailists set out to obtain it .(同位语)

　　更深层次的应对方法：

　　我的boss 要求我去会客户，我立刻去做

　　1 My boss asked me to visit a customer . I immediately left my office to do that.

　　2 My boss instructde me to visit a customer . I immediately set out to do that .

　　3 Instructed to visit a customer ,I immediately set out to do that .

　　The editor was getting impatient

　　lost his patience

　　was running out of his patience

　　could not wait a second

　　Fail to:

　　英文中的否定很少.用not ，一般采用

　　1 no + 名词

　　2 nothing

　　3 fail to

　　女人常常被美丽的衣服所吸引

　　e.g.: women are usually attracted by beautiful clothes

　　Beacutiful clothes always catch women’s eyes

　　Beacutiful clothes fascinate women

　　Beacutiful clothes never fail to fascinate women

　　Sth never fail to fascinate hunman beings 可作为开头

　　Affectionate 柔情似水

　　Passionate 激情的

　　Reasonable 理性的

　　我们对猫的生活不是很了解

　　e.g. :To cat’s life ,we have nothing

　　we don’t know much about a cat’s life

　　we know little about a cat’s life

　　Little do we know about a cat

　　A cat’s life to us is a mystery

　　Learn to = get used to 习惯于

　　We have learned to …

　　Remain suspicious of… 对…保持怀疑

　　Never remain suspicious of … 坚信

　　Some people never remain suspicious of the piont that there is true love in the world(同位)

　　One of the things that fascinate us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives that1 为定语从句 that2 为同位语

　　网络是很重要的

　　People never remain suspicious of that point that the internet never fail to be important

　　Internet , a way of communication , play an important role in society

　　People without internet are like flowers without sunshine.

　　1 形式主语 & 形式宾语

　　2 方法：

　　虚拟语气

　　If I am you ,I will stay here

　　If I was you ,I would stay here

　　If I were you , I would stay here

　　If I could have a dinner with him I would

　　If you told me earlier ,I would not do that

　　If you had told we earlier ,I would not have done that

　　虚拟语气的词汇：

　　Wish

　　e.g. Mr zhuang wishes his GF were beacuty

　　gonna = going to wanna = want to

　　a glass of water

　　互文现象

　　The days would all be empty . The nights would seem so long .

　　“白天晚上都那么无聊空虚”

　　The sky is blue and my heart is clam.

　　“ 天空与我的心一样湛蓝而宁静”

　　I have a dream that one day + 从句 我有这样的梦想有朝一日

　　情态动词

　　Must –may—might might 最好

　　I might have been in love before but it never felt this strong

　　“此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然”

　　Hold me now , touch me now

　　Touch 的用法

　　We should read this book and never touch bad book.

　　比较级的用法

　　1 否定 + 比较级 = 最高级

　　No one is more beautiful than you .

　　2 It is more than I could afford

　　3 I love you more than I can say

　　万能句式

　　**will lead a way for us like a guiding star

　　带着职业的敏感去观察生活

　　被动句：

　　1 喧宾夺主

　　2 分 be 得

　　分---寻找谓语动词的过去分词

　　Be – 所有时态的变化均体现在be 动词上

　　得--- 得到被动句

　　经典：

　　Love for the sake of being loved is human . Love for the sake of loving is angelic .

　　“因为被爱而去爱是人性的彰显，因为爱所以爱是神性的光辉”

　　倒装句：

　　1 强调

　　2 承上启下

　　3 制造悬念

　　e.g : 任何广告都不使我们感到惊讶

　　The advertisment can not surprise us any more

　　Rarely can the advertisment surprise us any more

　　e.g. A small city does not fascinate people as much as a big city ---hardly

　　e.g:A new factory would contaminate our communiy

　　Seldom can a new factrory be estabilshed without contaminating our community .

　　e.g. We sat on the cliffs by the sea ,watching the sunset.

　　On the cliffs by the sea we sat , watching the sunset .

　　I came to beijing for the simple reason that I love you

　　Such is human nature ,that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the…of becoming…

　　Such is love ,that falling in love proves easy but remain in it proves difficult

　　这就是爱相爱容易相处难。

　　故意省略句：

　　Venus’wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will ( discovered that she married a dustman)

　　将来进行时表示一定会发生：

　　Am I a dish ?

　　Not only …,but … as well

　　Not only the web change the lives babit but improve the efficiency of government.

　　“网络不仅改变生活习惯也提高了政府的工作效率”

　　Internet has not only changed our living habit ,but enhanced the efficiency of the government as well

　　Not only has internet changed our living habit ,but enhanced the efficiency of the government as well

　　Be always doing sth

　　当 always / usually 表示频度的副词 与现在进行时连用时均表示作者对动作发出者反复进行的某一动作所带来的强烈的谴责或赞扬的感情

　　Girl are always going shopping for one cause or another ,but they have never managed to get right one