托福阅读背景知识（二）

　　The findings are based on a variety of factors, from your values, future goals and deal-breakers in a relationship, to your personal experiences of being single.

　　最终结果将由一系列的影响因素得来，包括你的价值观、未来目标、处理感情的方式以及你单身时的个人经历。

　　It also compares your responses to data from the 22,000 other users who have apparently already filled in the questionnaire, to make the results as accurate as possible.

　　你的问卷还将与另外2.2万个参与者的回答问卷进行比较，以便得到更精确的预测结果。

　　Rashied says the site is aimed at people in their 20s or 30s who are wondering whether they'd be happier being single or committing to a long-term relationship.

　　莱士德说，他的网站将20多岁和30多岁的人作为目标主体，想了解他们在单身时更快乐还是在恋爱时更快乐。

　　The 20-minute questionnaire covers everything from your friends and social life to your job, annual salary, and how many times a year you go travelling. It asks what you look for - and try to avoid - in a potential partner, whether that's their religion or dietary requirements.

　　回答一份调查问卷大概需要20分钟，其中的问题涵盖了生活的各方面，从你的朋友、社交生活，到你的工作、年薪，以及你一年有几次旅行。里面还问到你对另一半的要求是什么(加分项，减分项)，与他们的宗教信仰、饮食习惯是否有关。

　　Broken up into four sections - you, your match, your life, and final questions - it requires more than 100 responses, including your favourite animal out of a cat, dog, shrimp and monkey.

　　问卷分为四个部分：你、你的另一半、你的生活和终极问题——共100多个问题，比如在猫、狗、虾和猴子这几个选项中，选出你最喜欢的动物。

　　But can an algorithm really predict your future happiness? T

　　但仅仅是一个算法而已，它真的能预测人们未来的幸福吗?

四、托福阅读背景知识：“虚拟现实法治疗抑郁症”

　　阿凡达疗法，是科学家受阿凡达的“化身”技术启发，将虚拟现实用在抑郁症治疗上的一种新型技术。技术的关键是让患者把一个虚拟的自己当成自己的“化身”，让虚拟成人安慰自己，从而摆脱抑郁症的困扰。

　　Patients wore a virtual reality headset to see from the perspective of a life-size 'avatar' or virtual body. Seeing this virtual body in a mirror moving in the same way as their own body typically produces the illusion that this is their own body. This is called 'embodiment'.

　　患者头戴一个虚拟现实头盔后， 可看到一个与自己大小一样并动作同步的虚拟形象，会把这个形象看做自己的“化身”，以他/她的视角来看待外物。

　　While embodied in an adult avatar, participants were trained to express compassion towards a distressed virtual child.

　　在“化身”为成人阿凡达后，。研究人员让患者通过这个“化身”安慰一个虚拟出来的悲伤男孩，

　　As they talked to the child it appeared to gradually stop crying and respond positively to the compassion.

　　在患者与这名男孩交谈后，男孩逐渐不再哭泣，对安慰作出积极回应。

　　After a few minutes the patients were embodied in the virtual child and saw the adult avatar deliver their own compassionate words and gestures to them.

　　几分钟后，研究人员让患者把这个虚拟男孩当做自己的“化身”，让虚拟成人安慰虚拟男孩。

　　This brief eight-minute scenario was repeated three times at weekly intervals, and patients were followed up a month later. Of the 15 participants, nine reported reduced depressive symptoms a month after the therapy.

　　这个过程持续8分钟，每星期重复3次。一个月后，9名患者症状减轻，其中4名显著减轻。

　　Virtual reality has also previously been used to treat psychological disorders including phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder, but this research focused on a new application for promoting emotional well-being.

　　虚拟现实技术此前已被用于治疗多种心理障碍，如恐惧症、创伤后应激障碍等，但此次研究聚焦于改善患者心理健康这一新领域。