托福阅读长难句（一）

。

三、托福阅读备考之长难句分析：厄尔尼诺现象

　　Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible by piecing together bits of historical evidence, such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists dating back to thefifteenth century. ( TPO43, 48)

　　piece v.拼凑，组装

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible (by piecing together bits of historical evidence),(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) (dating back to the fifteenth century). (TPO43,48)

　　托福阅读长难句分析：

　　这个句子的主干是：

　　Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible

　　修饰一：(by piecing together bits of historical evidence) ，介词短语

　　中文：通过拼凑很多小的历史证据

　　修饰二：(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) ，介词短语

　　中文：例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录以及西班牙殖民者的作品。

　　修饰三：(dating back to the fifteenth century)，非谓语动词

　　中文：追溯到15世纪

　　托福阅读长难句参考翻译：

　　科学家们通过拼凑很多小的历史证据，来试图尽可能多地记录过去的厄尔尼诺现象，例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录，以及追溯到15世纪的西班牙殖民者的作品。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和介词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

四、托福阅读备考之长难句分析：昆虫的数量

　　The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.

　　(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)

　　【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

　　分句1：The fact does not seem surprising.

　　分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests

　　分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects

　　分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species

　　分句1中嵌套着分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact, 是同位语从句;分句3是主句的状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers of insects

五、托福阅读备考之长难句分析：岩石上的水滴

　　If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. (TPO 1 Groundwater)

　　托福阅读长难句句子分析 本句由but引起了前后两个分句，其中都有if引导的条件状语从句，表示两种假设的情况。读懂这种复合句的关键是要迅速找到并理解其主句的谓语部分。本句主句的谓语部分有will exist , will drain away和will exist , will be firmly held。此外，两个分句里都有大家所熟悉的too...to...结构，这里都作后置定语，起修饰作用，意思是“太……以至于不能……”。

　　词汇精记pores指的是“孔隙”，这里说的是“岩石的孔隙”。

　　surface tension指的是“表面张力”。

　　film在这里显然不是“电影”，表示“薄膜”，比如：a film of oil on the surface of the water 水面上的一层油。另外，film还有“胶卷”的意思，比如：develop a film 冲洗胶卷。注意film还可以作动词，表示“拍摄”，比如：The explosion had been filmed by an amateur cameraman. 这次爆炸被一位业余摄影师拍摄了下来。

　　托福阅读长难句参考译文 如果岩石的孔隙很大，其中的水会形成水滴，而这样的水滴太重而足以克服吸引它的表面张力，就会流走;但是如果岩石孔隙足够小，其中的水会形成薄膜，因为太轻而无法克服吸引它的表面张力，从而会牢牢地附着在孔隙表面上。