托福培训
托福考试动态
2018-04-24 13:42
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(2)词汇指代题:
这种类题主要是指所考察的指代词语为词汇或者短语,而不是指代。
例如:代词指代题的常问方式为: The word “they, it, their...” refer to …
词汇指代题的常问方式为: The word “ W ” refer to … ,其中,“W ”为词汇或者短语。
其解题技巧和代词指代题解题技巧一样,采用就近原则和后指代前的方法。
我们来看一个例子:
In the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumbling cat resembles a magician’s trick. The gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the process is obscured.
The word “process” in refer to
A. The righting of tumbling cat
B. The cat’s fall slowed down
C. High-speed photography
D. A scientific experiment
这是个主从复合句, 从句的主语为process,所以答案应该为The gyrations of the cat in midair,但是答案中没有相同的选项。根据代词指代的特点,本句中找不到所指代的对象,所指代的对象通常出现在上一句话中,所以正确答案为A。
2、解答指代关系题的三大步骤
(1)看题干,确定指代类型
(2)带着题干主线索回原文圈定答案范围
(3)采用排除法,确定答案。
总之,正确理解原文是解决这类问题的关键,之后按照这三个步骤,采用就近原则和后指代前的技巧进行解答。
六、句意解释题——解题方法
句意解释题也有人称其为“变换措辞题”,也就是用自己的语言来改写文章中的句子或者段落,以不同的方式重新陈述另一句话,保留其内容,而不改变原来句子的意思。在IBT阅读的三篇文章中,每篇文章可能有0-1道这样的题目,每次考试总共有2到3题。
这类型题目的题干表达为:Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
1、解决这类题目的三种方法:
第一种:在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;
第二种:在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;
第三种:对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用:
Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.
I t is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.
Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.
Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.
2、解题
首先,我们来分析这个句子,整个主句的主语为Small marketers,谓语为be concerned with,宾语为factors,这个分析完成之后,我们采用同意替换的方法,替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with,其同义词为focus on。这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较,得出正确答案C。这道题目采用了第一种方法。
总之,这类题目的解决步骤就是分析句子结构,找出关键词语----找出其中的重要词组进行同义替换----结合整个句子的意思进行重新组织句子------采用排除法找出正确答案。
七、列举题——解题方法
托福考试阅读中的列举题主要考察考生能否抓住文章主要信息,排除一些与文章内容无关信息的能力。所以,ETS也这类题型称之为“否定事实信息题”(negative factual information question)。其常用的出题形式为:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passages?
The author mentions all of the followings xxx, except xx?
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托福培训
托福考试动态