TPO托福阅读练习题37及参考答案（九）

　　Paragraph 5 Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. Much of Africa moved right into the Iron Age, taking the basic technology and adapting it to local; conditions and resources.

　　10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　○While American iron makers developed the latest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier techniques.

　　○Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.

　　○Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore.

　　○Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at a slower rate.

　　Paragraph 6 The diffusion of agriculture and later of iron was accompanied by a great movement of people who may have carried these innovations. These people probably originated in eastern Nigeria. Their migration may have been set in motion by an increase in population caused b a movement of peoples fleeing the desiccation, or drying up, of the Sahara. They spoke a language, prior-Bantu ("Bantu" means "the people"), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number of Bantu languages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa. Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery, but archaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements. Still, the process is uncertain, and peaceful migration-or simply rapid demographic growth-may have also caused the Bantu explosion.

　　11. The word "fleeing" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　○afraid of

　　○displaced by

　　○running away from

　　○responding to

　　12. Paragraph 6 mentions all of the following as possible causes of the "Bantu explosion" EXCEPT

　　○superior weapons

　　○better hunting skills

　　○peaceful migration

　　○increased population

　　Paragraph 6 The diffusion of agriculture and later of iron was accompanied by a great movement of people who may have carried these innovations. These people probably originated in eastern Nigeria. ■Their migration may have been set in motion by an increase in population caused by a movement of peoples fleeing the desiccation, or drying up, of the Sahara. ■They spoke a language, prior-Bantu ("Bantu" means "the people"), which is the parent tongue of a language of a large number of Bantu languages still spoken throughout sub-Sahara Africa. Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery, but archaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements. ■Still, the process is uncertain, and peaceful migration-or simply rapid demographic growth-may have also caused the Bantu explosion. ■

　　13. Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　These people had a significant linguistic impact on the continent as well.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

　　14. Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　　Agriculture and iron working probably spread to Africa from neighboring regions.

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　　Answer choices

　　1 .Once Africans developed their own crops, they no longer borrowed from other regions.

　　2. The harshness of the African climate meant that agriculture could not develop until after the introduction of iron tools.

　　3. The use of livestock improved transportation and trade and allowed for new forms of political control.

　　4. As the Sahara expanded, the camel gained in importance, eventually coming to have religious significance.

　　5. The spread of iron working had far-reaching effects on social, economic, and political organization in Africa.

　　6. Today's Bantu-speaking peoples are descended from a technologically advanced people who spread throughout Africa.