托福考前练习题 带解析

　　8. All of following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to developtheater EXCEPT:

　　○Theater allows people to face that they are afraid of.

　　○Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.

　　○Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.

　　○Theater provides people the opportunity to better understand the human mind.

　　9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

　　○The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

　　○The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

　　○The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

　　○The author points out problems with two popular theories.

　　Paragraph 6: But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itselfleads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. Onenecessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example,one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requiressufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather thanas serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to thedevelopment of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example,some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being andabandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths thathad grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for theirreligious usefulness.

　　10.The word "penchant" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　○Compromise

　　○Inclination

　　○Tradition

　　○Respect

　　11.Why does the author mention "comedy"?

　　○To give an example of early types of theater

　　○To explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfare

　　○To help explain why detachment is needed for the development of theater

　　○To show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society.

　　12.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave outessential information.

　　○A society's rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admiredfor artistic qualities.

　　○The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandonit from the oral tradition.

　　○Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to beseen as useful for social well-being.

　　○Myths sometimes survived in a society's tradition because of their artistic qualities even afterthey were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.

　　Paragraph 3:█Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means theonly theory about how the theater came into being.█ Storytelling has been proposed as onealternative. █Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamentalhuman pleasures.█ Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaboratedthrough the narrator's pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each rolebeing assumed by a different person.

　　13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added tothe passage.

　　To enhance their listener's enjoyment, storytellers continually make their stores moreengaging and memorable.

　　Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.

　　14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is providedbelow. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the mostimportant ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because theyexpress ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.

　　Anthropologists have developed many theories to help understand why and how theateroriginated.

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　　Answer choices

　　○The presence of theater in almost all societies is thought to have occurred because earlystory tellers traveled to different groups to tell their stores.

　　○Many theorists believe that theater arises when societies act out myths to preserve socialwell-being.

　　○The more sophisticated societies became, the better they could influence desirableoccurrences through ritualized theater.

　　○Some theories of theater development focus on how theater was used by group leaders togroup leaders govern other members of society.

　　○Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and movingrhythmically.

　　○The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons whysocieties develop theater.

　　1. ○ 4

　　2. ○ 1

　　3. ○ 1

　　4. ○ 4

　　5. ○ 3

　　6. ○ 3

　　7. ○ 2

　　8. ○ 4

　　9. ○ 1

　　10. ○ 2

　　11. ○ 3

　　12. ○ 4

　　13. ○ 4

　　14. ○2 5 6