托福阅读常见问题 你想知道的答案这里都有

　　4、阅读分科突击

　　最后，尤其对于很多大学生考生，文理科的思路基本定型，那么针对于文科，社科，理科的阅读篇章应该如何解决呢？

　　文科Student："文科的文章很简单，很多内容原来课上都介绍过一些，而且不像理科的阅读--生词，专有名词太多了！"

　　理工科Student："理科的文章思路非常清晰，但是文科社科类的文章思路很混乱，抓不到主要内容！"

　　Me："建议学文科的学生在做理科阅读之前先积累一定的学科词汇，如生物、天文、化学等，相比于听力的学科单词，阅读的学科分类已经缩减了很多；理科阅读每个段落的主要内容也非常清晰，如：Topic Sentence先给出一个Theory，后续会给出相应的Explain Sentence，Example，部分文章类型还会在段尾加入Disadvantage来推翻段首给出的Theory，为下一段做好铺垫。"

　　Paragraph 2:

　　Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways. The idea of a world population crisis is therefore unlikely, although population pressure might have arisen in some areas.（TPO21）

　　Me:"人文类文章段落容易给人感觉混乱，我们可以配合着记笔记来抓住文章的主线。"

　　The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip-as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.

　　Earliest：Earthenware ---（T）stonewares（glaze）---whitewares（Song--high point）

　　Sculpture (old + later) < stonewares + porcelains

　　Han(lead glazed tomb) --- Tang( 3-color vessel+figure) --- Ming(3-color temple)

四、如何猜出生词的意思

　　托福考试涉及到的词汇量很大，在中遇到生词是在所难免的，如果不影响我们对托福阅读文章的理解，大家就可以不予理会，如果必须要弄清楚托福阅读中生词的意思，我们可以从这几方面来猜词汇的意思。

　　1、利用上下文线索猜测词义

　　（1）根据同义、反义关系猜词

　　Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.

　　A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy

　　traditional与liberal意思相反，故选B。

　　（2）根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义

　　Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing

　　together with them or laughed at them.

　　A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated

　　根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为"感到孤立"，故选D。

　　2、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)

　　（1）用前、后缀猜测词义

　　英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。

　　1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.

　　overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有"超过、过于"之意，overwork意思是"工作过多，劳累过度"。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：

　　mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当

　　mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路

　　under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估

　　anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂

　　下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：

　　1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)

　　2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)

　　（2）利用合成词猜测词义。

　　Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.

　　根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，come in-income(名词收入) 。

　　以上的几种托福阅读中猜词手法相信对同学们积累词汇、理解文章意思会有所帮助。英语学习应日积月累，希望在这次教大家猜词的过程中，大家更可以学会举一反三，懂得发现规律，寻找技巧，提高英语水平。

　　托福阅读词汇中的大部分生词都可以用这些方法来猜测词义，如果真的猜不出来，也不用特别紧张，一般联系上下文和作者的意图，我们也将文意可以顺下来。

五、满分是怎么练出来的？

　　对于那些4级单词还没有搞定的考友们，最聪明的方法并不是去做题，而是应该首先要搞定大学4级单词，然后再来讨论做题的问题，因为如果你连大学4级单词都没有搞定的话，新托福阅读和听力你都会遇到很大的问题。要知道，大学4级单词对于托福考试，就像是一个成人礼一样，如果你没有通过这个成人礼，你都会有结婚的资格，大学4级单词也是一样的，先背过大学4级单词，再来讨论方法和技巧才是有意义的，否则你都不应该具有考托福考试的资格。

　　当你把大学四级单词搞定的时候，这个时候就可以开始讨论做题这事了。