托福写作——词汇（二）

accomplished完成的，熟练的=skilled,

embedded内含的，嵌入的=enclosed被附上的

collaboration协作=jointeffects

identical=thesame

allow=enable

dispersal分散，散布=distribution

hampering妨碍，牵制=restricting

cherished珍爱的=valuable

precision=accuracy

broadly=extensively

yearly=annual

tracking=following

tolerant=endure

ratherthan=insteadof

transformation=conversion

sample=example

crawl爬行=move

hobby业余爱好=pastime消遣，娱乐

inherentin=characteristicof

recharge再充电=refill再装满

devise设计，发明=create

attestto证明--confirm,

replicas复制品--copies,

extant现存的=notextinct

becloserresemblanceto=.bemorelike

indicate=demonstrate

thrive=flourish

fluctuating=changing

1.转述中的指称

The speaker   the lecturer  the professor  The passage   the writer  the author

2.观点的表述

The author: discuss  introduce  argue  conclude  suggest  recommend  propose  appeal

The speaker:

1.point out  say  tell

2.disagree  disapprove  refute  rebut  reject  object to  oppose  counter

3.doubt  question  challenge

4.cite  mention  quote  refer to

5.suggest  put forward  illustrate  show  explain

3.反驳关联套句

1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.

2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.

3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.

4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.

5.not as the passage puts it, ….

6.Unlike described in the passage

7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …

8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim

9.actually/in fact/in deed

10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…

4.指代文章信息的抽象名词：

1.reason  cause  basis  ground  motive  motivation

2.example  instance

3.evidence  date  fact  proof  basis  foundation

4.explanation  account

5.definition  description  clarification

6.assumption  premise  hypothesis  guess

7.conclusion  belidf  idea  opinion  judgment  view  notion  argument  theory

8.issue  matter  topic  problem  subject  concern

9.acknowledgement  observation

10.statement  point  detail

11.advice  appeal  proposal  plan  scheme  recommendation

12.benefit  advantage  improvement

5.指代讲座信息的抽象名词

1.studies  researches

2.finding  discovery

3.alternative  explanation  theory

4.counter-example  counter-evidence

5.claim  assertion

6.objection  refutation  charge

7.remark  comment

6.全球化影响

There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?