【托福培训-写作】托福综合写作常用词

转述中的指称:The speaker   the lecturer  the professor  The passage   the writer  the author

　　观点的表述

　　The author: discuss  introduce  argue  conclude  suggest  recommend  propose  appeal

　　The speaker:

　　1.point out  say  tell

　　2.disagree  disapprove  refute  rebut  reject  object to  oppose  counter

　　3.doubt  question  challenge

　　4.cite  mention  quote  refer to

　　5.suggest  put forward  illustrate  show  explain

　　反驳关联套句

　　1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.

　　2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.

　　3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.

　　4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.

　　5.not as the passage puts it, ….

　　6.Unlike described in the passage

　　7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …

　　8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim

　　9.actually/in fact/in deed

　　10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that…

　　指代文章信息的抽象名词：

　　1.reason  cause  basis  ground  motive  motivation

　　2.example  instance

　　3.evidence  date  fact  proof  basis  foundation

　　4.explanation  account

　　5.definition  description  clarification

　　6.assumption  premise  hypothesis  guess

　　7.conclusion  belidf  idea  opinion  judgment  view  notion  argument  theory

　　8.issue  matter  topic  problem  subject  concern

　　9.acknowledgement  observation

　　10.statement  point  detail

　　11.advice  appeal  proposal  plan  scheme  recommendation

　　12.benefit  advantage  improvement

　　指代讲座信息的抽象名词

　　1.studies  researches

　　2.finding  discovery

　　3.alternative  explanation  theory

　　4.counter-example  counter-evidence

　　5.claim  assertion

　　6.objection  refutation  charge

　　7.remark  comment