【托福培训-写作】神一样存在的那些词 (1)

细节是托福独立写作成败的关键之一，但对大部分考生来说也是难点——因为面对一个自己不是那么熟悉的话题，往往会无话可说。这里要和大家分享托福写作神词之一 including ，专治各种假、大、空，立竿见影，谁用都说好。

>>> 首先，我们来看下面这个例子：

（工作类话题）

With standardized administration systems, large companies are capable of supplying the best working conditions and welfare for their staff.

这句话已经能够较为清晰地呈现与“小公司”相比，“大公司”的优势：the best working conditions and welfare. 但是如果可以把working conditions and welfare再具体些，再“细节化”些，整个句子就变得更为鲜活，更具托福高分范文味，如：

With standardized administration systems, large companies are capable of supplying the best working conditions and welfare for their staff, including the installation of advanced office facilities, the maintenance of comfortable working environment, and the comprehensive insurance for each employee.

其实这种写法在托福写作中非常常见：

（教育类话题）

There are a number of good habits in learning a foreign language, including reading interesting stories written in it, watching foreign cartoon videos, listening to songs by foreign singers, and speaking and using it in our daily life.

>>> 友情提示：最后一个例举前面要加上and；我们通常例举的都是名词，所以动词要转化为ing的形式。

（环境保护类话题）

As a result, it becomes imperative for the government to clean the environment by strictly eliminating any potential sources of pollutants, including industrial plants and nuclear power stations.

>>> 友情提示：including后面往往需要两个或者两个以上的例子，如果只能想到一个例子的话，我们可以使用 for example/instance .

（社会全球类话题）

In the meantime, the government should strive to cut down the travelling expenditures for students by implementing a series of favorable policies, including lowering transportation costs, bettering travelling services, and cheapening hotel rooms specially reserved for students.

>>> 友情提示：including也可以换成大家熟悉的 such as .

大家可以尝试“include”一下下面的句子，并将答案和大家一起分享： With the attempt of generating lucrative profits, some businessmen even cheat the customers in various immoral ways

作者简介：

姚建华

托福写作主讲

复旦大学法学学士、管理学硕士

第一位获得加拿大女王大学Queen's University

社会学博士学位的中国人

著有《托福写作一本通》一书

点击查看具体介绍及课程安排 http://souke.xdf.cn/Teacher/2-XSH2638-0.html

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