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　　Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound　film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before　the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.

　　难句类型：层层追加的复杂修饰+插入成分

　　本句也是ETS的老套路了，为了把句子变长，就层层追加修饰成分，先又Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective所

　　谓一个转折的分句，然后主句是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty，接着用that引导would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to　link images with recorded sound的长句嵌套插入成分，来修饰novelty,但是实际上这些都不是什么重要的成分，大家只要读出来主句结构和句子的核心意思就是以前有一种预言认为有声电影很快就会消失就行了。

　　译文：

　　尽管后来人很难理解，但在20世纪20年代，一种批判性的意见预言：有声电影是一种将很快淡出公众视线的科技新事物，就像的许多先前把图像和声音结合起来的尝试，这些尝试可以追溯到第一次世界大战。

　　意群训练：

　　Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that　sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well　back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.

　　2

　　Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and　interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.

　　难句类型：

　　本句的是一个原因从句修饰主句，Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because，并不难懂，但是原因从句是由两个并列句构成的，中有第一个并列句有三个并列的谓语they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's　cultural patterns，后面又有一个and引导的并列句provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.，这样句子结构就复杂了。

　　译文：

　　社会学家认为主要团体是个人和社会之间的桥梁，因为主要团体传播和解释社会文化模式，并为社会提供统一意识，这对社会的团结是十分重要的。

　　意群训练：

　　Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and　interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.

　　3

　　The relations between animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interest and　importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged.

　　难句类型：插入成分+复杂修饰从句+并列句

　　本句的主句结构是The relationshave been of such interestand importance and the special research field of chronobiology has　emerged其实并不难，就是一个并列句而已。但是The relations后面由between animal activity and these periods来修饰，紧跟着一个插入成　分particularly for the daily rhythms来限制缩小一下范围，这样把主语和谓语割裂开来have been of such interest and importance后面用that引导一个从句a huge amount of work has been done on them来修饰interest和importance，最后再用一个and引导的并列分句the special research field of chronobiology has emerged来结束句子。

　　译文：

　　因此，生物功能的时机和节奏和周期性的事物，如，太阳日，潮汐，月晕周期和季节，是紧密联系的。

　　动物活动和这些周期性事件的关系，特别是日间的节奏，是非常有意思和重要的，因此现在有很多人致力于研究这种关系，并且专门研究这种关系的项目已经出现，叫做时间生物学。

　　意群训练：

　　The relationsbetween animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interestand　importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged.

　　4

　　Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity—sleeping, feeding, moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and　producing enzymes and hormones, for example—are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether　the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers　that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms.

　　难句类型：插入成分+冗长修饰

　　本句的插入成分多而且长，但是对付他们的办法非常简单，就是跳过去，先读主干，本句主干是the constantly changing levels of an　animal's activity arewell coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is　driven by external cues，所以本句的核心意思就是动物活动经常变化的水平是和环境节奏相协调的，但是关键的问题是动物的节奏是否由外界因素决定的。such as引导成分直到句子结束都是次要的成分，同学们读的时候只要扫一眼就行了。.

　　译文：

　　通常地，动物活动，如睡眠，进食，移动，繁殖，新陈代谢和酶和激素的分泌等活动的持续变动水平是一直和环境变化的节奏保持一致的，但有一个关键的问题是：生物钟表是由外界因素，如日出日落，影响，还是自身内在的生物钟决定的?

　　意群训练：

　　Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity— sleeping, feeding, moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and　producing enzymes and hormones, for example— arewell coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether　the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal　timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms.

　　6

　　Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is　subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity　strongly.

　　难句类型：复杂修饰+插入成分

　　本句的主句结构其实特别简单就是stability is one of its major features, even when引导的状语从句the organism's environment is　subjected to considerable changes in factors,然后用such as引导了列举temperature,之后再用that引导从句来说明temperature would be　expected to affect biological activity strongly.

　　译文：

　　事实上，即使有机体受到外界因素，如温度，强烈改变的影响，有机体内生物钟的稳定性是影响生物活动的一个主要因素。

　　意群训练：

　　Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is　subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.

　　5

　　Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken　not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability　of the infant.

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　本句先用when引导了一个状语从句observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities,主句是care must be taken，然后not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies来修饰这个谓语，最后由as引导的句子conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant来修饰studies。

　　译文：

　　因此，当观测评估作为一项技术来研究婴儿的感知能力，必须小心不要把过度归纳的数据或者依赖于一两个研究作为特定的婴儿感知能力的确凿......

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