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2016-08-03 14:10
来源：网络来源
作者：上海新东方整理
G20简介
The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization.The G20 heads of government or heads of state have periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008, and the group also hosts separate meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors.
With the G20 growing in stature after its inaugural leaders' summit in 2008, its leaders announced on 25 September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Since its inception, the G20's membership policies have been criticized by numerous intellectuals, and its summits have been a focus for major protests by anti-globalists, nationalists and others.
The heads of the G20 nations met semi-annually at G20 summits between 2009 and 2010. Since the November 2011 Cannes summit, all G20 summits have been held annually.
二十国集团 (Group20) 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿提出的，目的是防止类似亚洲金融风暴的重演，让有关国家就国际经济、货币政策举行非正式对话，以利于国际金融和货币体系的稳定。20国集团从2008年起召开领导人峰会。随着20国集团的架构日渐成熟，并且为了反映新兴工业国家的重要性，20国集团成员国的领导人于2009年宣布该组织将取代八国集团成为全球经济合作的主要论坛。
成员国
The members include 19 individual countries—Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States—along with the European Union (EU). The EU is represented by the European Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), and two-thirds of the world population.
二十国集团由美国、英国、日本、法国、德国、加拿大、意大利、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、中国、巴西、阿根廷、墨西哥、韩国、印度尼西亚、印度、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其共19个国家以及欧盟组成。这些国家的国民生产总值约占全世界的85%，人口则将近世界总人口的2/3。
G20究竟是一种什么类型的国际机制？
The G20 is the latest in a series of post-World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "Bretton Woods twins", the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization. The G20 superseded the G33 (which had itself superseded the G22), and was foreshadowed at the Cologne Summit of the G7 in June 1999, but was only formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on 26 September 1999. The inaugural meeting took place on 15–16 December 1999 in Berlin. Canadian finance minister Paul Martin was chosen to be the first chairman and German finance minister Hans Eichel hosted the inaugural meeting.
根据G20在1999年诞生时发表的首份《G20公报》，“G20是布雷顿森林体系框架内一种非正式对话的新机制”。从这段话中可看出，G20隶属于布雷顿森林体系，但与布雷顿森林体系的IMF、WB等正式国际机制不同，它是一种非正式国际机制。
非正式性是G20机制的性质，这就决定了G20在秘书处建设、议题建设、机制架构、与非成员国关系等方面必须采取与“非正式性”相配套的措施。这在一定程度上可以廓清我们关于如何开展G20建章立制工作的一些困惑。
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