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托福培训
托福考试动态
2017-04-25 10:16
来源：新东方
作者：周谢慧
3. not only倒装，(but) S (also) V结构
在not only A but also B这个结构中，如果A和B是谓语动词，一般将not only放在句首，那么A这个谓语动词需要倒装，通常是将be动词或助动词(do/does/did)前置，but和also用括号括起来的意思是都可以省略，but和also必须被后半句的主语分开。注意：如果but also没有被其它的词语分开，那么not only则不能倒装。我们来看一道例题：
As criminal activity on the Internet becomes more and more sophisticated, not only are thieves able to divert cash from company bank accounts, they can also pilfer valuable information such as business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans, and sell the data to competitors.
(A) they can also pilfer valuable information such as business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans, and sell
(B) they can also pilfer valuable information that includes business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans, and selling
(C) also pilfering valuable information including business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans, selling
(D) but also pilfer valuable information such as business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans to sell
(E) but also pilfering valuable information such as business development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans and selling
这道题的A选项是正确答案。由于未划线not only倒装，那么but和also必须被分开，且都可以省略。A选项省略了but是可以的。以最容易错选的D选项为例，but also pilfer中but和also并没有被分开，所以not only不可以倒装，这与未划线的内容不一致，所以不能选D，B选项的问题在and selling找不到平行。
4. not only but also结构对意思不对
这种考法通常都是难题，我们来看一道很经典的题目：
Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.
(A) Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
(B) Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
(C) The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
(D) The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
(E) The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it
本题答案是D选项。从纯文法角度讲，A选项没有任何语法错误。not only倒装，but和also被it分开。有的同学认为gave要改成give，其实第一个谓语动词用原形就可以了。所以A的错误不在语法，而是语义错了。注意前后半句的意思create farmland和cause erosion，那么可以看出前半句是带来了好处，后半句是带来了坏处，所以只有D选项表达了转折含义。
以上就是not only A but also B的各种考法，总结一下就是：
第一，not only不倒装，那么but和also不分开，可省略;
第二，not only倒装了，but和also必须分开，可省略;
第三，在结构合理的情况下，必须逻辑意思具有递进关系。
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