LSAT备考指导：LSAT阅读笔记分享（12）.

2．取非题

otherwise表示相反关系；a otherwise b，文中有a，问b如何，则对a取非

简单取非：有明显的强对比的词，如on the contrary， on the other hand， contrast等，直接做180度的转变。如告诉你一个的特征，问另一个。

改善题

形式：虚拟语气（标志）＋表示改善或更好的说法（往往用比较级，如if…，…more…）

做法：回原文中找缺点，做取非；如一人漏了大的，拿了小的，问如何改善，做取非，都拿。

例：however， these patterns cannot be viewed as an adaptation to wind pollination because the spiral arrangement occurs in a number of non－wind－pollinated plants．

question： it can be inferred from the passage that the claim that the spiral arrangement is an adaptation to wind pollination would be more convincing if which of the following were true？

（a） such an arrangement occurred only in wind－pollinated plants．

（b） such an arrangement occurred in vascular plants as a whole．

（c） such an arrangement could be shown to be beneficial to pollen release．

（d） the number of bracts could be shown to have increased over time．

（e） the airflow patterns over the cone’s surfaces could be shown to be produced by such arrangements．

3．逻辑题（类似于逻辑单题）

支持题

形式：which of the following， if true（标志）， will most support（strengthen）/weaken the view in the passage？

做法：

直接事例法：文章中有抽象的的理论，我们把它具体化、量化

例：which of the following， if true， would most clearly demonstrate the interaction mentioned in the last sentence？

（a） female larks respond similarly both to short， simple songs and to longer， more complicated songs．

（b） male canaries use visual ornamentation as well as elaborate song repertoires for mate attraction．

（c） both male and female blackbirds develop elaborate visual and vocal characteristics．

（d） male jays use songs to compete among themselves and to attract females．

（e） male robins with elaborate visual ornamentation have as much repoductive success as rivals with elaborate vocal characteristics．

搭桥法：如文中说a → b，找 a → c → b

例：in one behavioral experiment， researchers successfully trained an anteater to distinguish between two troughs of water， one with a weak electrical field and another with none． such evidence is consistent with researchers’ hypothesis that anteaters use electro receptors to detect electrical signals given off by prey； however， researchers as yet have been unable to detect electrical signals emanating from termite mounds， where the favorite food of anteaters live．

which of the following， if true， would most strengthen the hypothesis mentioned in the passage？

（a） researchers are able to detect anteaters to break into an underground chamber that is emitting a strong electrical signal．

（b） researchers are able to detect a weak electrical signal emanating from the nesting chamber of an ant colony．

（c） anteaters are observed taking increasingly longer amounts of time to locate the nesting chambers of ants．

（d） anteaters are observed using various angles to break into nests of ants．

（e） anteaters are observed using the same angle used with nests of ants to break into the nests of other types of prey．

反对题

釜底抽薪：原因推出结果，直接驳斥原因。如文章说农民不满缺地，就驳斥说有地

欲擒故纵（反证法）：先说你可能是正确地，再逐步推出绝对荒谬的结果来，从而达到驳斥的目的。如文章说鸟有天文导航系统，则可驳斥说，如果这样的话，鸟也就有了fantastic（不可能）的地图系统

直接否定法：直接说文章中的论断是错的。

例：the backgrounds and reasons of participants in the may insurrection of 1871 have been identified， however cursorily．

which of the following is the most logical objections to the claim made in the passage？

（a） the february revolution of 1848 is much less significant than the july insurrection of 1830．

（b） the backgrounds and motivations of participants in the july insurrection of1830 have been identified， however cursorily．

（c） even less is known about the july insurrection of1830 than about the february revolution of 1848．

（d） historical records made during the july insurrection of1830 are less reliable than those made during the may insurrection of 1871．

（e） the importance of the july insurrection of1830 has been magnified at the expense of the significance of the february revolution of 1848．

它因法：存在其他原因，如文中说 a → b，题里找 c 也可以→ b

4．举例作用题

形式：题干前面是例子，后三词是in order to

做法：例子为结论服务，答案要在例子的结论中找

先结论后例子：标志词如，for example， for instance， such as， like等，此时答案往前找

先例子后结论：如先讲个故事，然后说由此可见；标志词多为表示因果关系的词，如as a result等

例子和结论罗列在一起，没有标志词：这种情况多是先结论后例子，此时答案往前找，做同义变换

5．信息题

形式：which of the following is true？

the author of the passage agrees （does not agree） with which of the following？

the information in the passage answers （does not answer） which of the following question？

做法：解这类题的技巧少

题干中有定位的，如有if， about， concerning， regarding这类词，此时可回原文找答案

题干中无定位的，只可根据笔记一个个做，用排除法，有敏感词如most，only等，文中又没有提及的，可首先排除