随着新一批初三踏入校门,又一批初三学子将面临着2016年的上海
中考。英语语法中,有一些错误是经常犯的,同学们在复习做题的过程中就要有所警觉。下面是受汉语影响类错误例析。
受汉语影响类错误是指用英语表达某个意思时,受了汉语表达的影响而导致犯错。
例1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (×)
Mr Wu teaches us English. (√)
[析] “teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和sth.是teach的双宾语,因此teach后的人称代词要用宾格,而不能受汉语影响使用形容词性物主代词。
例2. His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)
His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。
例3. There is going to have a film tonight. (×)
There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般将来时用在There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
例4. I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)
I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
例5. Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。
例6. All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语:
所有的球都不是圆的。(×)
并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。
例7. Do you know the way of the park? (×)
Do you know the way to the park? (√)
[析] 习惯上表示无生命名词的所有格常用“...of...”;但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”, 而不能用“the way of...”。类似结构的词还有the key to the lock (这把锁的钥匙), the answer to this question(这个问题的答案), the ticket to the concert (音乐会的票)等。
例8. --- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?
--- _______, though he didn’t feel very well.
A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√)
例9. --- Don’t you usually come to school by bike?
--- _______. But I sometimes walk.
A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√)
[析] 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”,no意为“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。