【高中英语】高中英语阅读理解解题技巧——如何做好推断题

上海新东方优能中学个性化英语同步教研组一直致力于研究如何提高同学们的英语素养，为中高考打下扎实的基础。本文将针对中译英的解题步骤和训练方法进行简要的阐述。

高考英语阅读理解中的推断题，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况，本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、作者观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析，以帮助同学们熟练应对。

1.推断题的提问方式

It can be inferred from the text that______.
According to…, we can infer that______.
From the text we know that …is most likely_______.
When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is_______ .
The writer suggests that______.
The story implies that___________.
We can infer/conclude from the passage that______________.

这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。

2.干扰项的设置特点在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。

3.答题误区同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。

4.技巧点拨一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。

Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A. technology helps people realize their dreams

B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D. our points of view about others need changing constantly 

作为2014年上海高考英语阅读C篇的最后一题，依然以考察主旨/推断为主。说明文在总结结论上注意思考作者的写作目的。在文章的倒数第二段中可以找到Studies have shown…这样开头的一个句子，这也是一个十分明显的起总结作用的句子，因为刚好之前和之后都在进行举例论证，刚好这句总结句位于其中，起到承上启下的作用。最后在选择时注意原句和选项的改写，B选项用到了eliminated这个词，而这个词太过于绝对，原文只说effective，所以和C选项中的help契合，答案选C。

以上就是这次要与大家分享的高中英语完形填空分步解题——标志词优先的一些经验和方法，希望各位同学能够在理解这些思路的基础上，多进行相应的有针对性的练习，同时对于错误的题目也多加思考和提问，相信有付出就会有收获！

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