【高中英语】高中英语阅读简答题解题技巧分析——改写句子方法

上海新东方优能中学个性化英语同步教研组一直致力于研究如何提高同学们的英语素养，为中高考打下扎实的基础。本文将针对高中英语阅读简答题的改写句子方法与技巧进行简要的阐述。

  在《高中英语阅读简答题解题技巧分析——关键词迅速定位》一文中，我们曾经学习过根据题目关键词在原文出现的方式采用原词定位、同义词定位及反义词定位法迅速在文章进行定位。但即使我们在找到与题目相对应的原句后，它仍是一个半成品。假如你认为只要把原句抄在下面即大功告成，那就大错特错了！在我们提取出了原文的句子后，仍需要根据题目的词数限制和对应的回答方式将句子转化成符合要求的“合格产品”。

 那么问题来了，如何将原文中的句子进行改写，使其符合题目要求呢？我们需要根据不同的情况采用不同的改写策略！

 (1) 长句缩写策略

以2014年长宁区高三一模题目为例：

...at other times, they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers. But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of ‘soap’ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real.（NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）

Q: The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas are ____________.

 在《关键词迅速定位》一文中，我们曾经得出结论，答案应该定位在原文is 之后，而‘no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real’一句显然字数已经超过8个词，因此我们需要对此句“开刀”！

 缩写句子的关键在于提取句子的主干，而主干则由答案的词性决定。比如本题通过题干可知句子缺少表语，因此原文中得形容词或名词就是句子的主干，即fiction和not real。而‘no more and no less than’为副词短语，我们可将其抛弃或用一个更简便的单词‘only’代替。因此答案为only fiction and not real。长句子瞬间简洁了许多。

 再看下例：

The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the Universityof Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. Theyobserved how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-countrythan when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like footballresulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.

Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tinypercentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new methodteaches sells that translate to adulthood.（NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）（2010上海高考）

Q: What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?

通过关键词‘resulted in’和‘Another problem is that…’可讲答案分别定位在文中两句，而题干疑问词为What，所以句子主干为名词。第一个问题即为‘less overall movement’；而第二个问题则须把后面的句子变为动名词形式；同时，only a tiny percentage of students可用fewer students进行替换。答案即为Less overall movement and fewer students continuing after graduation。

 (2) 词句转换策略

阅读简答题有时除了需要如上缩写策略外，还需要进行句子和短语间的相互改写。如：

“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr. Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”（NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）（2013上海高考）

Q: According to Dr. Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that __________.

 当我们把答案定位在‘be explained by’时，发现后面为名词短语‘a change in the position occupied by literature’；而题目中的that标志后面的答案应为从句。这时，我们需要将名词change转换为动词change的句式即可——the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape.

上例是将短语转变为从句，下面我们再看看如何将句子改写为短语。

For decades, a small percentage of homeowners have been installing solar panels (嵌板) on their rooftops. Those panels collect solar energy and change it into electricity. Until recently, the panels were too expensive for average homeowners, and their designs were anything but appealing. Thanks to new advances, however, solar panels for homes are becoming cheaper and less awkward, causing more homeowners to consider installing them.（NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）（2014长宁区高三二模）

Q:Solar panels on homeowners’ rooftops work by __________.

通过关键词定位可知‘Those panels collect solar energy and change it into electricity.’为答案所在句。而题目空格前为by，因此我们需要转化为动名词形式，即为collecting solar energy and changing it into electricity。

 由此可见，阅读简答题的每一步都需要进行仔细地分析和考虑，但是只要摸透了出题者的惯用出题伎俩，任何题目都不在话下！

孙伟,上海新东方优能个性化初高中同步英语核心讲师，拥有扎实的语言功底和多年个性化授课经验。所带一对一和小班学生累计百余人，并有多位高分学员，深受学生及家长的信任。能够迅速抓住学生的薄弱环节并制定有效的解决方案，在授课过程中不仅仅注重知识的讲解，更注重良好学习方法的培养，让学生真正对知识点融会贯通并灵活运用到题目当中，从此英语考试不再是成绩的绊脚石。同时，老师善于让学生在学习时体验和掌握英语在实际生活中的表达与交流，从而最大激发对英语的学习兴趣。

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