1. 主谓一致：主语和谓语保持一致。检查的重点——名词单复数&动词第三人称单数

●  After seeing so many t__82___of people do it, I thought maybe I could also do it. So the next year I signed up for the race.  (18 金山二模)

本题有many提示，非常明显，填可数名词复数。结合上文，可以判断为types。

● Earning is good for you. Money gives you c___82___. If you want to buy a better birthday gift for your grandpa, the extra money you earn helps!  (18 宝山二模)

本题缺失宾语，结合上下文判断填名词。前一句说赚钱很好，后一句举例可以买什么，联系上下文可知，钱可以给你多种选择。名词前无任何冠词、指示代词或物主代词，故该空填choices（注意名词写法）。

●  With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide  e__81_____ how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents.   (18 奉贤二模)

本题缺失谓语，判断填动词。据文章，一份用图画和简单文字的手把手指导怎样发消息、拍照等，可知这份guide是解释了如何使用微信。但主语 guide 是单数，故该空为explains。

2. 动词的过去式/分词：填写动词时要注意是否为一般过去时或者是分词。

●  But then I r__84___something. He was running his race and I was running my race.   (18 金山二模)

●  As I c__86___ finish line, I was proud of my success.  (18 金山二模)

本题时态问题比较明显，通篇都是过去时，故这两空所缺单词都是过去时。

●  Not long ago in Korea, a woman’s dog made a mess on the train, but she r____85____ to clean it up, became angry.  (18 青浦一模)

本题缺失谓语，前文说一团糟，but提示转折，表示没有打扫，故为refuse，not long ago提示了过去时，此空应填refused。

3. 形容词/副词的级：填写形容词或者副词要注意观察时候有比较级或者最高级的标志或者是平行结构中需要对应比较级/最高级

● Today we're going to school by bus as usual. We normally leave home at 8 a.m., but we’re leaving e___81___ because we’re testing some new devices for this month’s report. All these devices are useful when you're travelling. So, what have we got?   (18 杨浦二模)

本题缺失的空修饰leaving，故填副词，根据前文的as usual、normally和but 的对比可知，这次离开与往常是不一样的，文章内容理解判断为early，要突出于往常的对比，这里应填比较级，更准确，earlier。

● They said girls show more active attitudes towards relationships, which means they are much e____86____ to communicate with.   (18 嘉定一模)

本题缺失形容词，较明显能看出，be adj. to do，前有much修饰比较级，故为easier。

4. 介词的否定意义：主要考虑是否需要填写without及against两个表示否定含义的介词。

●  Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social abilities. A 2016 study showed that the sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp w___86___ using screens ended time better at reading expression on others’ faces.   (18 闵行二模)

本题定语从句意为参加训练营的学生们花了五天，结合上下文，是没有使用屏幕，故该空为 without。

5. 代词的格：填写代词是注意是否需要宾格或者是所有格形式。

●  This project is about the relationship of a building to the surroundings and (82)i_______ role (角色)in serving the community(社会), rather than a building as an individual object, "Li told the visitors.   (18 青浦二模)

本题根据下文‘rather than a building as an individual object’可知，这个项目是关于建筑与周围事物的联系以及它在服务社会的过程中所扮演的角色。

●  Children are interested in singing poems rather than just reciting t____84____.  (18 徐汇一模)

本题recite为及物动词，后缺失宾语，无明显特指名词，需要代词来代替前文的内容，动词后用宾格形式，故为them。

6. 不定代词的填写：缺失主语或宾语，没有合适的名词时，要考虑不定代词。

●  The water’s very cold and there’s n___84____ around to help us if we get into danger.”  （18 徐汇二模)

本题缺失核心成分，后文提示 to help us 来帮助我们，意味着缺失的部分是指人，又无特定人出现，故为 nobody。