初二英语的宾语从句全集归纳

什么是宾语从句？其实宾语从句就是用一个句子充当宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。常见的宾语从句有三种，今天上海新东方优能中学就应大家要求一一为大家展示咯

1．由that引导，由于that没有任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文体中可以省略。这类宾语从句通常表达一种陈述意义。

e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.

　　Tom says (that) he must study hard.

　　She told me (that) she was a student.

（1）如果由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。

e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.

（2）常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。

2．由连接代词或连接副词who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引导，含有“谁、什么、哪个、什么时候、什么地方、怎样、为什么”等特殊疑问意义。

e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?

　　Can you tell me what they’re looking for?

　　I don’t know where she has gone.

　　I wonder how she can find us.

　　She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.

3．由从属连词whether和if引导，含有“是否，能否，对否，有否”等一般疑问意义。

e.g.She asked me if I could help her.

　　Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.

　　Please tell me whether you can come or not.

在这类宾语从句中要注意两点：

（1）if引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别

if引导宾语从句时意为“是否”，从句中该用什么时态就应用什么时态。

if引导条件状语从句时意为“假如”，从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.

　　I don’t know if the letter is yours.

　　They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.

　　I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.

（2）if引导宾语从句时多数情况下可以与whether互换，但如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”这层意思时，通常用whether，并在后面的加上“or not”，即一般要选择whether构成whether…or not的结构。

e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.

　　Let me know whether you can come or not.

　　I want to know whether you can help me or not.

注意：

1．宾语从句的语序问题

以上介绍了三种宾语从句，同学们一定要注意，在疑问词或if/whether引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。

e.g.She asked how old I was.

　　We don’t know where her office is.

　　My teacher wanted to know if I like English.

2．宾语从句的时态问题

一般情况下宾语从句的时态必须和主句的时态保持一致：

当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句中的谓语动词不受时态限制。

e.g.She says that she is a student.

　　She says that she was a student two years ago.

　　She says that she will be a college student soon.

　　She says that she has been a college student for 3 years.

当主句的谓语动词是过去时时，宾语从句中只能用过去的某种时态。

e.g.He told me that he would leave soon.

　　He said that he was watching TV.

　　He didn’t tell me whether he had finished this homework.

但如果宾语从句中讲述的客观事实、一般真理或自然现象时，则不受它限制。

e.g.My teacher told us that Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.

　　Father said (that) the sun always rises in the east.

状语从句

　　状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下：

1．时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, whenever

e.g.Don’t come in until you are called.

　　While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

　　I called my mother as soon as I reached Shanghai.

　　I have been an English teacher since I came to the school.

2．地点状语从句

常用引导词：where, wherever

e.g.Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

　　Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3．原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, for

e.g.I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold.

　　As the car was expensive, we didn’t buy it.

　　Since he was busy, he didn’t come.

4．目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

e.g.You should talk to him so that/in order that you can say you are sorry.

5．结果状语从句

常用引导词：so…that, such…that

e.g.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

　　It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

6．条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless, as long as

e.g.We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

　　You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表一般将来时间。

e.g.—When will Lisa come back?

　　—Sorry I don’t know. When she comes back, I will call you.

　　If you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.

　　Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.

7．让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

e.g.Although the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway station on time.

　　Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.

8、比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(两者之间不同程度的比较)

e.g.She is as hard-working as her Lucy.

　　John swims better than Jim (does).

9．方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if

e.g.When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

　　She behaved as if she were the boss.

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