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2019年中考英语时态语法讲解:现在完成时
2019-03-04 10:12
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【导语】中考英语通常会考察考生多方面的综合能力。在备考过程中,我们不仅要熟悉词汇,熟练作文,还需要掌握语法。在日常复习中,抓住复习的重点难点,认真反复背记,能够大大提高复习效率。以下是上海新东方优能中学频道为大家整理了2019年中考英语语法知识点解析,供各位同学参考和学习。
标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:
He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)
Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)
2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语
能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前为止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到现在为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;
而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:
I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)
I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)
2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;
而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);
而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
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