半角公式
tan(A/2)=(1-cosA)/sinA=sinA/(1+cosA);
cot(A/2)=sinA/(1-cosA)=(1+cosA)/sinA.
sin^2(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/2
cos^2(a/2)=(1+cos(a))/2
tan(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/sin(a)=sin(a)/(1+cos(a))
三角和
sin(α+β+γ)=sinα·cosβ·cosγ+cosα·sinβ·cosγ+cosα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·sinγ
cos(α+β+γ)=cosα·cosβ·cosγ-cosα·sinβ·sinγ-sinα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·cosγ
tan(α+β+γ)=(tanα+tanβ+tanγ-tanα·tanβ·tanγ)/(1-tanα·tanβ-tanβ·tanγ-tanγ·tanα)
两角和差
cos(α+β)=cosα·cosβ-sinα·sinβ
cos(α-β)=cosα·cosβ+sinα·sinβ
sin(α±β)=sinα·cosβ±cosα·sinβ
tan(α+β)=(tanα+tanβ)/(1-tanα·tanβ)
tan(α-β)=(tanα-tanβ)/(1+tanα·tanβ)
和差化积
sinθ+sinφ = 2 sin[(θ+φ)/2] cos[(θ-φ)/2]
sinθ-sinφ = 2 cos[(θ+φ)/2] sin[(θ-φ)/2]
cosθ+cosφ = 2 cos[(θ+φ)/2] cos[(θ-φ)/2]
cosθ-cosφ = -2 sin[(θ+φ)/2] sin[(θ-φ)/2]
tanA+tanB=sin(A+B)/cosAcosB=tan(A+B)(1-tanAtanB)
tanA-tanB=sin(A-B)/cosAcosB=tan(A-B)(1+tanAtanB)
积化和差
sinαsinβ = [cos(α-β)-cos(α+β)] /2
cosαcosβ = [cos(α+β)+cos(α-β)]/2
sinαcosβ = [sin(α+β)+sin(α-β)]/2
cosαsinβ = [sin(α+β)-sin(α-β)]/2
诱导公式
sin(-α) = -sinα
cos(-α) = cosα
tan (—a)=-tanα
sin(π/2-α) = cosα
cos(π/2-α) = sinα
sin(π/2+α) = cosα
cos(π/2+α) = -sinα
sin(π-α) = sinα
cos(π-α) = -cosα
sin(π+α) = -sinα
cos(π+α) = -cosα
tanA= sinA/cosA
tan(π/2+α)=-cotα
tan(π/2-α)=cotα
tan(π-α)=-tanα
tan(π+α)=tanα
诱导公式记背诀窍:奇变偶不变,符号看象限
万能公式
sinα=2tan(α/2)/[1+tan^(α/2)]
cosα=[1-tan^(α/2)]/1+tan^(α/2)]
tanα=2tan(α/2)/[1-tan^(α/2)]
其它公式
(1)(sinα)^2+(cosα)^2=1
(2)1+(tanα)^2=(secα)^2
(3)1+(cotα)^2=(cscα)^2
证明下面两式,只需将一式,左右同除(sinα)^2,第二个除(cosα)^2即可
(4)对于任意非直角三角形,总有
tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC
证:
A+B=π-C
tan(A+B)=tan(π-C)
(tanA+tanB)/(1-tanAtanB)=(tanπ-tanC)/(1+tanπtanC)
整理可得
tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC
得证
同样可以得证,当x+y+z=nπ(n∈Z)时,该关系式也成立
由tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC可得出以下结论
(5)cotAcotB+cotAcotC+cotBcotC=1
(6)cot(A/2)+cot(B/2)+cot(C/2)=cot(A/2)cot(B/2)cot(C/2)
(7)(cosA)^2+(cosB)^2+(cosC)^2=1-2cosAcosBcosC
(8)(sinA)^2+(sinB)^2+(sinC)^2=2+2cosAcosBcosC
(9)sinα+sin(α+2π/n)+sin(α+2π*2/n)+sin(α+2π*3/n)+……+sin[α+2π*(n-1)/n]=0
cosα+cos(α+2π/n)+cos(α+2π*2/n)+cos(α+2π*3/n)+……+cos[α+2π*(n-1)/n]=0 以及sin^2(α)+sin^2(α-2π/3)+sin^2(α+2π/3)=3/2
tanAtanBtan(A+B)+tanA+tanB-tan(A+B)=0