以下是上海新东方优能中学频道为大家分享的【上海中学辅导】考生在上海考试中所要具备的高频知识点：

中考英语考点知识点有哪些?今天上海新东方优能中学频道为大家整理了2019年中考英语知识点梳理：阅读理解讲解（2），希望对上海考生的备考有所帮助！

　　在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：

　　59. The best title of the passage is ____________.

　　A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees

　　C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees

　　毫无疑问，答案应该是：B。

　　2.如何根据上下文猜测词义?

　　猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。

　　任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：

　　(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如：甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:

　　A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….

　　Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”

　　短文后面有一个理解题目：

　　John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.

　　A. makes everyone know a secret

　　B. the woman bout a cat

　　C. buys a cat in the bag

　　D. sells the cat in the bag

　　在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

　　(2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。其中第三段是这样的：

　　As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.

　　文章后面有这样一道题：

　　53. In the text, “put an end to” means “___________”.

　　A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly

　　根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。

　　(3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如：福州市2004年中考英语试题的阅读材料B。

　　There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.

　　101. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese??

　　A. 自来水B. 大气C. 冰川D. 蒸汽

　　从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。

　　(4)根据背景和常识判断。请看往年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:

　　Watching some children trying to catch butterflies one August afternoon, I was reminded of an incident in my own childhood. When I was a boy of twelve in South Carolina, something happened to me that made me never put any wild creature (living thing) in a cage(笼子).

　　We lived on the edge of a forest, and every evening at dusk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. There isn?t a musical instrument made by man that can produce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird.

　　I decided that I would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way, I would have my own private musician.

　　I finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. At first, being scared, the bird fluttered(扑腾) about the cage, but finally it settled down in its new home. I felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician.

　　On the second day of the bird’s captivity, my new pet’s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. The baby bird ate everything she brought to it. I was pleased to see this. Certainly the mother knew better than I how to feed her baby.

　　The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird, or so I thought.

　　Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”

　　Never since then have I caught any living creature and put it in a cage. All living creatures have a right to live free.

　　60. An ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ . ?

　　A. studies birds

　　B. loves creatures?

　　C. majors in habits

　　D. takes care of trees?

　　Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。

　　除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：

　　(5)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。

　　(6)根据因果关系猜测词义。

　　3.如何确定细节和事实?

　　在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。请看2003年陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第48小题：

　　What do plants make food from? They make food from _______.

　　A. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air

　　B. water, sunlight and things in the soil

　　C. water and things in the soil and air

　　D. water, sunlight and things in the soil

　　这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air.

　　4.如何进行推断?

　　所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

　　中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：

　　(1)事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。

　　请看2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解第14小题：

　　According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

　　A. You often play football with your friends after school.

　　B. Your teacher has got a cold.

　　C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.

　　D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

　　在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：

　　Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.

　　根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。

　　推断题还包括以下几个方面：

　　(2)指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。

　　(3)逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。

　　(4)对作者的意图和态度的推断

　　这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

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