历年考研英语阅读理解超精读答案

 

考研英语是考研中比较难的一个科目，所以大家对于英语的复习也是非常重视的。越来越多的同学也意识到了对历年考研英语阅读理解超精读的重要性。但是仍然有一部分同学不知道什么叫做真正的历年考研英语阅读理解超精读。下面大家就跟随小编一起了解一下吧。

现在，很多的培训班都要求学生做历年考研英语阅读理解超精读，所谓精读就是大家把一篇文章特别精细的阅读，对于一个单词，一个句子都不能放过。很多同学觉得这样阅读是浪费时间，没有必要去读的这样细致。实际上这种想法是错误的，历年考研英语阅读理解超精读虽然看上去花费的时间较多，但是大家从文章中吸取的精华更多。如果你走马观花的做完十篇阅读，倒不如精读一篇文章的效果好，因为你了解了文章中的所有难点，考点，以及单词。现在书店也有很多历年考研英语阅读理解超精读的书籍，这些书中对历年的真题都进行了精读，给大家把文章中所有有可能是生词的词汇都做出了注解，对于一些难点句子进行翻译，对于每个问题的答案也都做出了详细的解释。相信这样的精读对大家来说都会有帮助，下面就是一篇文章的精读：

TEXT 4

It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in business of every variety.

Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.

"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,"says Haim Mendelson ofStanfordUniversity’s business school."The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders".Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam ofNew York’sColumbiaBusinessSchool."Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.

The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.

The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray.That may change fast: lots of proposed data security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

36. The statement: "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss board relations.

[C] the threat from news reports.

[D] the severity of data leakage.

37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out

[A] whether there is any weak point.

[B] what sort of data has been stolen.

[C] who is responsible for the leakage.

[D] how the potential spies can be located.

38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that

[A] shareholders’ interest should be properly attended to.

[B] information protection should be given due attention.

[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.

[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.

39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to

[A] see the link between trust and data protection.

[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.

[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.

[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.

40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that

[A] data leakage is more severe inEurope.

[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.

[C]Californiatakes the lead in security legislation.

[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.

ability15 n.①能力，智能;②才能，才干

account22 n.①账(目，户);②叙述，说明;③价值，地位;v.(for)①说明，解释;②占;③(take into)考虑;顾及

act11 v.①行动，做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表，代替;n.①行为，动作;②(一)幕;③法令，条例

adequate3 a.足够的，充分的，恰当的

affair2 n.事，事情，事件

agenda2 n.议事日程

application4 n.①请求，申请(书，表);②应用，运用;③施用，敷用

appreciate3 v.①感谢，感激;②正确评价，欣赏，赏识

asset2 n.资产，有用的东西

attend5 v.①出席，参加;②(to)照顾，护理;③关注，注意

attention14 n.①注意(力)，留心;②立正

author69 n.①作者;②创始人

behalf5 n.利益，支持，好处

board5 n.①板，纸板;②全体委员，委员会，部门;③伙食;船舷;v.上船(车，飞机)

business36 n.①商业，生意;②事务，业务，职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业，业务

commission4 n.①委员会;②委任，委托(书)，代办;③佣金，手续费

competition16 n.①比赛;②竞争

concept15 n.概念，观念，思想

concern20 v.①涉及，关系到;②(常与with，about，in连用)关心，挂念;③担心，担忧;n.①(利害)关系;②关心，挂念;③担心，担忧

corporation10 n.公司，企业，团体

current7 n.①电流，水流，气流;②潮流，趋势;a.①当前的，现在的;②通用的，流行的，最近的

data22 n.(datum的复数)资料，数据

dim1 a.暗淡的，模糊的

disclose2 v.揭示，泄露

diverse3 a.多种多样的，(from)不同的

economic23 a.经济(上)的，经济学的

emphasize6 v.强调

employee7 n.雇工，雇员

encourage13 v.鼓励，怂恿

enhance7 v.提高，增强

essential11 a.①(to)必要的，必不可少的;②本质的，基本的;n.①本质，要点;②必需品

executive6 n.总经理，董事，行政负责人;a.执行的，实施的

federal14 a.联邦的

feeble1 a.虚弱的，无力的

fierce3 a.①凶猛的，残忍的;②激烈的，强烈的

firm14 a.①坚固的，稳固的;②坚决的，坚定的;n.公司，商号

gasp1 n.喘息，气喘;v.①喘息;②气吁吁地说

headline3 n.大字标题

infer21 v.推论，推断

information44 n.①通知，报告;②情报，信息

intricate1 a.错综复杂的，复杂精细的

investment11 n.投资，投资额

issue18 v.①流出，放出;②发行，发表，颁布;n.①发行(物)，(报刊)期号;②问题，争论点，争端

justify8 v.证明...是正当的，为...辩护

lead21 v.①领导，引导;②领先，占首位;③(to)通向，导致，引起;④经验，过(生活);n.带领，引导;n.铅

legal11 a.①法律的，法定的;②合法的，正当的

legislation4 n.①立法;②法规

link9 v.连接，联系;n.环节，链环

locate3 v.①查找;②使...坐落于，位于

major11 a.(较)大的，(较)重要的;n.①专业，主修科目;②专业学生;③少校;v.(in)主修，专攻

management11 n.①经营，管理;②管理部门

massive3 a.①巨大的;大规模的;②严重的

mystery2 n.①神秘，神秘的事物;②神秘小说，侦探小说

nasty2 a.①肮脏的，卑劣的，下流的;②令人厌恶的

obvious13 a.明显的，显而易见的

odd5 a.①奇数的，单的;②奇怪的，古怪的;③单只的，不成对的;④临时的，不固定的;⑤带零头的，余的

organization6 n.①组织体制;②团体，机构

paragraph66 n.①段，节;②小新闻，短评

peer2 n.同等的人，贵族;vi.凝视，窥视;vt.与...同等，封为贵族

penalty2 n.处罚，惩罚

perceive5 v.①察觉，感知;②理解，领悟

potential13 a.①潜在的，可能的;②势的，位的;n.潜能，潜力

principle7 n.①原理，原则;②主义，信念;③(行动的)规则，准则

process34 n.①过程，进程;②工序，制作法;③工艺;v.加工，处理

propose4 v.①提议，建议;②提名，推荐;③求婚

puzzle4 n.难题，谜，迷惑;v.(使)迷惑，(使)为难

recovery4 n.①痊愈，复元;②(经济)复苏

responsible11 a.①(for，to)应负责的，有责任的;②可靠的，可信赖的;③责任重大的，重要的

restore3 v.①恢复，使回复;②归还，交还;③修复，重建

school44 n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院，系;③学派，流派

science58 n.①科学;②学科

security8 n.安全

sensitive7 a.①(to)敏感的，易受伤害的;②灵敏的

setting6 n.①安置，安装;②落山;③(固定东西的)柜架底座;④环境，背景

severe3 a.①严厉的，严格的;②剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，艰难的

solution4 n.①解答，解决办法;②溶解，溶液

spy6 n.间谍;v.①当间谍，刺探;②察觉，发现

staff5 n.①全体职工，全体人员;②杠，棒;③参谋部;v.配备工作人员

statement7 n.声明，陈述

suite1 n.(一批)随员，(一套)家具，套房

system31 n.①系统，体系;②制度，体制

theft1 n.偷窃，失窃

threat9 n.①恐吓，威胁;②坏兆头，危险迹象

threaten8 v.①恐吓，威胁;②有...危险，快要来临

victim3 n.牺牲品，受害者

according47 ad.依照，根据

astray1 ad.迷途地，入歧途地

compliance1 n.依从，顺从

contractor1 n.订约人，承包人

corporate4 a.①公司的;②法人的;③共同的，全体的

given22 a.特定的，假设的

governance1 n.统治，管理

hugely2 ad.巨大地，非常地

hurriedly1 ad.仓促地，慌忙地

inevitably3 ad.不可避免

insecurity3 n.不安全，不安全感

leakage2 n.漏，泄漏，渗漏

overshadow1 v.遮蔽，使黯然失色

redundancy2 n.冗余，过剩

regulator1 n.管理者

restoration1 n.恢复，复职，赔偿

sensitivity2 n.敏感，灵敏(度)，灵敏性

severity1 n.严肃，严重

shareholder6 n.股东

telecom3 n.(=telecommunication)电信

vulnerability1 n.弱点，攻击

难句1

Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in business of every variety.

[语法分析]本句的主干结构是:information protection is on...agenda,主干结构前是一个left to引导的不定式作information protection的定语;

[本句难点]主句前面的修饰成分比较长,影响考生的理解;

[方法对策]分清主次,抓住主句,分析结构,这个难点就可以迎刃而解了;

[例句精译]到目前为止，还仅仅是留给少数IT业低层人士去处理并仅受到信息资料比较丰富的诸如银行、通讯、航空等行业重视的信息保护工作。现在正在变成各个行业老板们议事日程中非常重要的内容。

难句2

Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even theUniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.

[语法分析]本句的主干结构是:Several massive leakages...have left managers...,两个破折号之间的成分是地点状语,补充说明的作用;分词结构peering into...对宾语managers进一步说明;

[本句难点]整句比较长,句子结构稍复杂,且有长插入语;

[方法对策]首先略去插入语不看,然后找出句子的主干结构,再分析其他修饰成分,本句就简单了;

[例句精译]今年内有关客户和雇员的资料的好几次重大泄漏已经迫使经理们不得不匆匆忙忙地检查他们复杂的IT系统和业务往来情况以期从中找出可能的漏洞(并加以改进)。这些泄漏发生在多个不同的组织身上。从时代的"华纳公司"、"美国国防承包公司"、"国际科技应用"、甚至到还有"加州大学伯克利分校"等等不一一列举。

难句3

Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts inAmerica, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier byAmerica’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporateAmericaon notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

[语法分析]本句的主干结构是: ...the theft...overshadowed...a decision...;theft后面的of information...inAmerica和分词短语disclosed on June 17th修饰主语the theft,(FTC)后面的that引导定语从句补充说明decision,其后还包含一个if引导的从句。

[本句难点]句子比较长,且机构比较复杂,考生不容易读懂;

[方法对策]首先抓主句主干,然后再分析其他修饰和补充成分,本句就简单了;

[例句精译]与此同时，6月17日美国提出的一桩大约4000万信用卡价值的信息失窃案让美国联邦贸易委员会将通过的决定黯然失色：如果公司无法保护资料安全，那么立法者们将会采取行动。

36.[答案]D

[解析]众所周知，现代社会的网络已经把人们紧密的联系在了一起。有银联网、移动通信网、也有人们互相做生意的电子商务网，等等。本文提到了一个公司面临的新型严重问题，那就是：信息资料的泄密问题。36题问"It never rains but it pours "(可译为"真是祸不单行"或译为"屋漏又逢连阴雨，船迟偏遇顶头风")这句话是要引出一个如下的话题：A激烈的商业竞争;B脆弱的老板与董事会关系;C 来自新闻报道的威胁;D 资料泄密这一问题的严重性。显然应该选D(为了迷惑考生，出题人把文章首段中的data insecurity换成了问题里的data leakage)。

37.[答案]A

[解析]"依据第二段，有些公司检查他们的系统是要找出"文章第二段说有些经理们"hurriedly peering into their IT system...in search of potential vulnerabilities "(匆匆忙忙地检查他们复杂的IT系统，和业务往来情况以期从中找出可能的漏洞和弱点)这正是选项A,只不过将文章里的vulnerabilities换成了问题里的同义词weak point。

38.[答案]B

[解析]本题目问：作者提出GASP 概念是想说......。从第三段中我们可知，GASP是指Generally Accepted Security Practices (人们普遍认可的安全法则) 。所以，应该选B,(作者是想强调)信息安全保护工作应予以重视。

39.[答案]A

[解析]问题是：依据第四段，使作者感到困惑不解的是，有些老板们竟然不能(选A)：看到(公众对公司)信任和资料保护之间的关系。根据是原文第四段的首句："令人费解的是这竟然会让有些老板感到吃惊。"而其中代词"这"是指上文提到的为信息资料的安全备份等工作。而整个第四段也都在谈顾客对公司信任的重要性以及顾客们资料泄漏的后果。

40.[答案]D

[解析]这是一道推理题。根据末段，我们自然可以推出D为选项。应为末段原文首句即暗示了这种含义：由于缺少法律惩罚，这种苗头还正在得到助长。

以上就是历年考研英语阅读理解超精读的一篇文章，大家千万不要被这样长的篇幅吓倒，只要大家认真的做完，并且把里面的不认识单词备注，着重记忆，再分析文章中的重点句子，掌握语法和做题技巧。坚持用这样的方式复习，你的英语阅读能力也一定会有所提高，特别是在这个过程中，你会积累很多的词汇，这是大家平时做阅读的时候收获不到的。

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