【新东方雅思阅读】雅思阅读中的these

　　Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34 ………… or 35 ………….

　　原文： Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' - where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver - to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the Garfield studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.

　　我们发现，上面的案例还仅仅局限于两句之间的代词指代作用，但如果大家的认识仅仅局限于此，就太小看代词these了。下面咱们再看一个例子，这个题目是来自剑桥9P21的Q14，为文章的B段选标题。

　　原文：

　　B

　　In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don't consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future. Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognize it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.

　　我已经非常善良地为大家划出了体现此段结构的关键提示，但当你看到选项'iv. Assumptions underlying the search for extra terrestrial intelligence '时，不知是否有绝对把握选择它。在非常短的时间内选出这个答案还是需要实力的，而且不少考鸭即使选中此选项也不是特别确定，心理上的波动对下面的题目也会有一定影响。但是当我们看到C段首句'Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited.'时，我们会非常自信地选出答案iv。这里，these assumptions 对上一段信息做了概括，可见these的强大。同样的案例在剑桥7P70的Q14也有所体现，只不过将B段首句中的techniques替换为了iv.选项中的methods罢了。