【新东方雅思阅读】雅思阅读中的these

　　首先，我们来看一下剑桥6 P91的Q17。

　　As a result, factors such as 17_______ and attitudes to children have been eliminated...

　　文中出现了我们非常熟悉的and结构，找到attitudes基本上距离答案就不远了。另外，并列结构 such as 前的factors,以及部分考鸭不太熟悉的eliminated,也具有提示作用。回到原文定位。

　　Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.

　　我们找到了factors和eliminated， 但既没有找到and结构，也没找到attitudes。不少考鸭会习惯性继续向下寻找，进而距离答案越来越远。这里，我们忽视掉了非常重要的一个代词these。它用来指代前面的结构，也暗示前面出现了我们需要的factors。我们只需向前看一句，便轻松得到了答案。

　　Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly.

　　我们会发现两个并列结构 and和or, 而题目中and 后跟的'attitudes to children '与这句话中'it values its children more highly '做了同义转述，所以答案应为or前方的 family's wealth，选项J即为答案。这里attitude 的同义转述无形中增加了难度，即使大家先于定位句看到这句话也不容易得到答案。但是，有了these的提示，并谨记'代词向前看'这一原则，相信答案就会乖乖地到碗里来。

　　同样的案例也出现在了剑桥8的P29，请大家自行完成。