【雅思阅读】雅思阅读备考指导3则（二十六）

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一 指导1

雅思阅读中符号的解读

雅思阅读备考中，在满眼都是字母的文章中，数字的出现异常显眼，恰如万绿丛中一点红，正因为如此，数字通常都会成为最理想的关键词之一。

举例如下：Q10 / Test 2 / Cambridge IV:

题目：Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1- (Y / N / NG)

10. The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers。

该句为带有原因状语从句的复合句，判断正误时，需分2步走，先判断主句，若主句是N 或NG中的一个，那么就以此为答案，无需再判断从句了；但若主句判断为 Y, 那么还需继续对从句加以判断，从句最终的 Y / N /NG 就是题目的答案。

主句中The Navajo language will die out 的内容已知晓，在文章首段的 Line 3: … the native language is dying … (此处的native 指 the native Navojo, 前文有述)，那么要判断的就是从句了。从其中的内容应该读出关键信息是 too few speakers. 这里包含了一点和数字相关的信息few, 换言之，文中有可能会涉及到数字。

到文中寻找，在第三段的Line 5 发现了 150，000 speakers. 回到句首读原句：Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. 虽然没有明示150，000 speakers 是多还是少，不过despite 已经明确了语气：多。因为整句是说：尽管有150，000人讲纳瓦霍语，它还是面临危险地境地。这无疑是在说这个数字已经不少了。

因此，原句中的从句我们可以判断为错误，从而Q10 的答案是 NO。

举例二：Q 5 / T 1 / Cambridge 5

… Johnson did not have a 5_________ available to him, but eventually produced definitions of inexcess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks。

由题目中出现的数字40，000 可以定位到原文中page 17 的第二段Line 4:

Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings…

返回到句首：The work was immense: filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand)，再由题目分析得知：所需答案为可数名词，并且是    Johnson 在编撰词典的工作中不具备的(did not … available)，而文中括号里‘without a library to hand'正好契合了该信息点，还有a 这个信号词进一步确定，答案就非它莫属了：library。

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二 指导2

雅思阅读中的关系词题型分析

雅思阅读关系词题型解读。常见于阅读中的关系词包括：表示“因果”的关系词、“转折”关系词、“比较”关系词以及“并列”关系词等。

1. “因果”的关系词 （as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.）

2.“转折”关系词 （despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.

3. “比较”关系词 （ more, than, less, the least, the most, prefer, equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as…as, etc.）

4.“并列”关系词 （ first, second…finally, and, or, as well as, one… the other,not…nor…, etc.）

A) 用于判断题型中，例：

a)T: Most forms of environmental pollution are associated with industrialization.

Q: Industrialization has led to pollution problems.

此题中题目与原文都含有因果关系，且因果相同，仅是同义词组替换罢了。

b) T: Los Angeles has some of the world's cleanest cars—far better than those of Europe—but the total number of miles those cars drive continues to grow.

Q: Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they travel by car.

此题原文转折词but所连接后面的内容continues to grow与问题中的考点tending to reduce形成语义矛盾。

C) T: The traditional images of the “male breadwinner” and “female housewife and mother” may be breaking down among females but this process is occurring more slowly among males.

Q: Men accept changing perceptions of traditional gender roles more slowly than women do.

此题是一道明显的有关双方比较的题（more than 结构）此外，该句还存在明显同义词及词组的替换如：perceptions对应images, traditional gender roles 对应“male breadwinner” and “female housewife and mother”，man对应male, woman对应female.题干中的比较点及比较结果与原文判断一致。

B) 用于标题对应题型中，例：

List of headings

I. Rivers and seas cause damage

II. Water, the provider of food

III. The scarcity of water

IV. What is water-

V. How to solve flooding

VI. Humans' relationship with water