利用小词原则,即采用认识但却不常使用的低频词来代替,会用以下的效果
In this day and age, an increasing number of youngsters are fond of shopping online. During their spare time, they incline to spend much of time and incomes on purchasing a variety of daily necessities such as foods or clothes; meanwhile, they would communicate with their friends and share their experience on this matter.
有些人会认为写作应该应用华丽的大词,复杂的结构来。这样的学员会去背诵很多的高分范文来充实自己的输入,将范文中的一些高上大的词总结出来背诵,还要将这些词以放之四海而皆准的标准应用到所有类似的写作中。这样的写法可以迅速解决复习写作的词句问题,也就是我们说的模板仿写法。但是,我们发现,如果你只是记住了这些词的意思,而没有把握这些词在不同情况中的用法的话,你写出来的东西是有了个样子,但是实际上确实是一篇拼凑之作。既然你记单词都有问题,那么何必要用那些纠结的,很可能会用错的大词来为难你自己呢?所以我们提倡小词应用。
一篇文章可以简单词遍布,语法结构也可以极其简单,比如说看到brend, spill, formal或者protect。这些词如果出现在阅读理解中,一定不是大家的拦路虎,而这些词难能可贵的是他们组合起来所传达的内容。写作的灵魂在于传达思想,不在于用词高雅,思想是目的,词句是手段,这一点对于我们四六级考研考试的写作部分也是同样的道理,不要以为用了高雅的词汇就是高分作文,真正用简单词表达清楚写作的要求才是最重要的。
我们看一个四级作文的中单词的应用例子
学生常用词
可用的小词
Nowadays,In these days, over these years, for long,Many,A number of, a great deal of,More and more,A raising number of, more
大多数人觉得这些词我都认识啊,只是不记得而已。我们的学生不在于单词不记得,而是在于记住的词没有发挥出应该有的能量来。每每在写作之时想到的都是我们表格中左边的词,然后根据自己思维中的中文表达直接翻译过来。结果,四级写作不幸再次夭折。
我们再看看考研作文中的高分作文小词是如何发挥自己的作用的?
2010 官方评分:19分
In the picture above is a large hot pot. But different from the traditional Chinese hot pot, in which you see beef or lamb, luncheon meat, mushrooms, and a variety of vegetables, in this hot pot are various “cultural foodstuffs” of both Chinese and foreign origins: Confucious, Aristotle, and Shakespeare; Taoism, Greek mythology, etc.
首段点评:考研作文的首段一般情况改卷老师会放置8分左右的比重,而且会根据首段的写作水平给全文定一下整体分数。在这篇官方范文的首段中,我们发现了许多可以加分的小词,比如:large,, etc,a variety of。但是在复习过程中,我们根据第一印象的原则会将这些词改成:big,and so on, a kind of等耳熟能详但却人人都会用的词,这样整个首段的词汇将大打折扣。
What lies behind the picture, or “buried” in the hot pot, is clear: for the construction of the Chinese culture and the future, materials of both Chinese and foreign features are indispensable.
We are living in an age when economic globalization is① not only heard over the media but also seen and felt in the reality of our daily life. No nation or country can maintain its well-being by living on and by itself. The history of China in the last half of the 20th century has provided a whole pack of vivid and convincing experiences, both of successes and failures, in that consideration. ②Only from the various and varied sources of the other nations, together with that of our own, can we obtain sufficient nutriments for the Chinese culture worth her pride and her leadership in the present and the future world.
最后一段是小词应用比较出彩的地方。①下划线的段落没有任何一个词是我们考研大纲词汇中的词,但是整个文章的表意是非常清楚的,突出了经济全球化的普遍性。②下划线中various和varied都是通过vary这个小词的变化来实现前后意义的变化,而小词并不要求在整个文章中频繁出现。针对广大学员的学习规律,我们可以将这两句话进行适合自己的写法,同样也是对小词的应用和把控
变化一:
①economic globalization is not only spreading into the level of nation but also flooding into our daily life.
变化二:
②Only from a set of sources of the other nations, with that of our own, can we obtain great achievements for the Chinese culture in the coming world.
通篇看过去,没有一个词是看起来华丽丽的,小词在这篇文章里面默默地传递着作者想表达的想法,并帮助作者取得了19分的高分。
通过总结多年的教学经验和学生在考试中的对于小词的应用,我们总结除了几个小词应用的原则:
1. 替换原则
写作有一个不成文的潜规则。脑袋中出现过的第一次要pass,特别是形容词或者副词,比如重要这个表达,很多同学思维里面首先出现的是important这个词,我首先要先将这个词否定掉,不是说不能用,是为了找到或挖掘出更好的词。有的同学会觉得,这词pass掉,脑袋里就没有词了。事实却是,小词早就在你脑袋里面沉睡很久了,你需要去用起来,发挥它的作用,才能加深对词的理解。还是以刚才important为例,还有essential, vital, crucial或者leading, key这类的词来表示某事物或人的重要性。