2016改革后新专业四级英语写作开头技巧——新专四、老开头
2016-03-24 15:45 作者:汪中平 来源:国内考试部 字号:T|T
2016改革后新专业四级英语写作开头技巧
——新专四、老开头
上海新东方学校写作教师汪中平
内容摘要:写作新题型最可能考的是summary + comment。这种题型看似新颖,其实更加简单。明显不同的是开头需要summarize,这部分完全可以套用四、六级写作常用的开头句型甚至模板。当然,基础好、要拿高分的考生最好不要表现出过于明显的模板痕迹。Comment部分不一定要写考生自己的观点,完全可以摘取阅读材料中现成的观点稍作展开。这样考生至少从头到尾不愁“无话可说”。
马上就要开始改革以后的第一次专业四级英语考试。真题到底以怎样的形式出现?比老题更难吗?很多考生难免忐忑不安。
不会更难,只会更易。首先,新专四写作减少了Note writing;其次,新专四写作时间更加充裕;再次,新专四写作要求更加宽松。从最新老考试大纲的写作部分我们可以一窥端倪:
老 |
新 |
能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等,写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到内容切题、完整,条理清楚,结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺,表达得体。考试时间35分钟。本部分为命题作文,文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的范围。
|
能根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等,写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到内容相关、充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。考试时间45分钟。本部分为命题作文,文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的范围。
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表中新旧大纲表述不同的地方已经用红体标注出来。内容从原来的“切题、完整”改为“相关、充实”。应该认为“相关”比“切题”要求稍低。如果说这样的表述没有本质差别,那么结构方面原来的要求“条理清楚,结构严谨”在新大纲中完全消失、不作要求了。
最大的不同有两点,一是新专四写作Essay部分多给考生10分钟时间。二是命题形式增加了“阅读材料”。
多出10分钟的结果只能让考试更加从容。这个我们不谈。我们只讲命题形式可能的变化。
新老题型中都出现了“题目、图表”,这点几乎没有意义。历年所有老题都有作文“题目”,新题型也不会例外;历年从来没考过“图表、数据”,新专四出现这种题型的可能性估计也微乎其微。其实,新专四大纲里提到的“阅读材料”在老专四写作中也是由来已久。如2015年考题:How to Deal with Stress? 题目后面提供的材料:
According to a recent survey on college students’mental well-being, 20% of college students experience various kinds of stress. Interpersonal communication, finding jobs and study are among the top factors that cause anxiety and stress. Have you ever had such problems? How do you tackle such problem(s)?
然后是所谓提纲:
In the first part, state the kind of stress you have experienced
In the 2nd part, explain how you deal with the stress
In the final part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.
再如2013年题目 How to Be
a Smart Consumer?
Most of us, as students, are careful with our money in daily life: we collect
all kinds of coupons(优惠券); we look for group-buy deals if we eat out or travel; we don't buy
clothes unless in a sale. However, some people think that all this may not make
us smart consumers. What is your opinion?
然后也是提纲:
In the first part, state specifically what your view is.
In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your experience(s) to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
从上面今年老题可以看出,原来的题型大多也都是“阅读材料”+“提纲”的模式。那么新老题型究竟区别在哪里?
首先是从新样题中我们发现:原来的“提纲”消失了,代之以 “Read carefully the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue.”
原来的“提纲”本来也就是个可有可无的提示:提纲一般是三部分甚至两部分,但考生可以根本不要花时间去看这个“提纲”而根据自己的篇章结构知识和审题结果把文章写成写三到五段。关键是新样题中的“阅读材料”由原来的一段话变成了对某个issue的正反双方鲜明对立的几段文字,并且题目明确要求考生先summarize briefly。很多考生就是对这个部分因为陌生所以犯怵。那么这里有什么技巧?
首先是summary的长度。按照一般规定,summary应该用原文三分之一到四分之一的文字表达原文的主要观点。新专四的样题阅读材料原文一般200词左右,这样概述以后大概保留80字左右。对于一篇总共200字左右的考试作文,这样的开头会让整体结构不太匀称,因此也可以稍微在做压缩。具体长度考生自己把握。
其次是如何summary。最简单的办法就是按照四、六级考试写作对立观点的开头句型编制写作模板。这里给大家推荐两个模板。
模板一:
When it comes to +名词/whether+从句, people’s views vary from one to another. Some claim that正方理由.Others, however, contend that反方理由.From my perspective, 作者立场
Recently, there has been a heated discussion on +名词/whether+从句. Supporters of …argue that 正方理由. This position is strongly opposed by some challengers. They refute that反方理由. As far as I am concerned, 作者立场
Yes |
No |
Traditional characters, which date back to more than 2000 years ago, have a more beautiful appearance and a more reasonable structure. As indicted by the 亲 and 爱examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can therefore represent traditional culture. For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditional characters. To be able to read them and inherit traditional culture, we need to bring traditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessary to restore traditional Chinese characters. Currently, traditional characters are still in use in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around the world. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Straits exchanges and national reunification and unite Chinese people around the world.
|
In today's world efficiency matters most. Traditional characters, which usually have more strokes than simplified ones, are more difficult to learn. By contrast, simplified characters are much easier to learn and use. Over the past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplifiedcharacter versions, which means simplified characters can also promote and preserve traditional culture. Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From the oracle bones script of 3000 years ago to traditional characters, the Chinese writing system has always been slimming down for better communication.
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套用模板前,需要认真阅读材料,找出对立双方的主要论点(为了大家阅读方便已经用下划线标识)。
When it comes to simplified Chinese characters (或When it comes to whether we should revive traditional Chinese characters), people’s views vary from one to another.Some claim that we should adopt the policy for aesthetical, cultural and political benefits. Others, however, contend that that simplified versions are better choice because they are easier to learn, slimmer for better communication and also helpful to preserve traditional culture. From my perspective, it is wise to choose traditional/simplified versions for the following reasons.
第二个模板的用法相同不再举例。这里的关键就是把原文的几个要点像上面的例文一样用几个词或词组总结出来;感觉有难度,简单的办法是用句子代替词组(注意尽量不要照抄原文);实在感觉个别观点有难度还可以忽略。
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