A-Level生物-应用遗传学Applied Genetics。

Define genetic screening
Testing a population for the presence or absence of a gene

Discuss three advantages and disadvantages of genetic screening

Advantages

• Lessen the devastating impact of genetic disease
• Identification of persons who have genetically determined susceptibilities to specific environmental agents
• Insurance Companies can give lower premiums

Disadvantage

• Can stigmatize and emotionally traumatize those who learn that they are carriers of genetic defects
• Invasion of privacy
• Has the potential of being used to dictate who may or may not reproduce

State that the Human Genome project is an international cooperative venture to sequence the complete human genome

Discuss two possible advantages of this project

• Understanding of many genetic diseases
• Genome libraries
• Production of gene probes to detect sufferers and carriers of genetic diseases
•  Production of pharmaceuticals based on DNA sequences

Define clone
A group of organisms of identical genotype / a group of cells descended from a single parent cell.

Outline a technique used in the cloning of farm animals

• Early division of a fertilized egg produces 8 cells each of which would give rise to an embryo (totipotency).
• After in vitro fertilization processes the 8 resultant separated embryos can be transferred to surrogate mothers (e.g. cattle or sheep) to continue using selected prime animals for the production of gametes
• At present used for genetically manipulated animals to produce pharmaceuticals

Discuss the ethical issues of cloning human embryos

• Happens naturally in monozygotic twins
• In vitro fertilization of twins unacceptable?
• Selection of those fit to be cloned
• Eugenics and super-race?

Discuss the results of crop plant and animal breeding

• Breeding for disease resistance
• Increased food production
• Higher yields of milk/wool/protein
• Breeding plants that can spread 

推荐阅读

【汇总】2016年雅思听力考试回忆及真题解析汇总

【汇总】2016年雅思阅读考试回忆及真题解析汇总

【汇总】2016年雅思写作考试回忆及真题解析汇总

【汇总】2016年雅思口语考试回忆及真题解析汇总

若想获取更多详尽出国留学攻略以及雅思备考资讯，可以打开我们【上海新东方雅思网】，涵盖雅思真题机经，雅思写作、口语、听力、阅读以及留学名校介绍等，也许就能找到你真正需要的。上海新东方雅思网在这里预祝各位考生学习顺利，都能考取自己满意的学校。

上海新东方寒假班报名地址
托福	雅思	GRE	GMAT	SAT
基础班	IELTS 5.5分班	基础班	强化班	基础班
强化班	IELTS 6.5分班	强化班		强化班
精讲精练班	IELTS 7分班	精讲精练班	精讲精练班	精讲精练班
点题班	雅思词汇班	模考班	模考班	模考班
更多	更多	更多	更多	更多