【雅思】并列结构的自白其实你不懂我的心

一提到并列结构，很多烤鸭基本上都会在脑中迅速脑补一个词“and”，随后就将这种结构划分到“低端土气没档次”的句式中，不再重视。然而，正是这样一种看似平民接地气的结构，却往往成为了一众考生考试成功的绊脚石。

并列结构在实战中的常见错误：

1. 词与词的并列

错误的句子1：The traditional role of a college teacher is the provider of information and helping students study effectively.

错误提示：并列的内容在结构上必须保持一致，此句中“the provider of information”是名词短语，而意图和它并列的内容“helping students study effectively”是动宾短语，二者结构不同，不可并列。

正确的句子：The traditional role of a college teacher is to an information provider and a learning facilitator.

错误的句子 2：Nowadays, interactions by emails, mobile phones, videos are almost as good as face to face meetings.

错误提示：并列信息需要有连词（如“and”）连接，若并列信息超过两个，则将连词放在最后两个信息之间，此处并列的为“emails”，“mobile phones”和“videos”三个名词，“and”不可少。

正确的句子：Nowadays, interactions by emails, mobile phones and videos are almost as good as face to face meetings.

2.分句与分句的并列

错误的句子：Working at home not only allows workers to enjoy flexible hours but also have more time with their family members.

错误提示：和词语并列的原则一致，并列的结构必须保持一致。如果说短语的结构不一致或者词性不一致更多的是语法上的错误的话，那么并列的句子结构不一致，在造成语法问题的同时，也会带来内容上的误解和疑惑。就如这个例子，not only…but also…这个并列连词间的内容分别是“allows workers to enjoy flexible hours”和“have more time with their family members”，两者结构明显不同，将此句拆成两个句子后就会发现第二个分句变成了“working at home have more time with their family members”，不但主谓不一致，而且语义也不通。

正确的句子：Working at home not only allows workers to enjoy flexible hours but also enables them to spend more time with their family members.

3. 整句与整句的并列

错误的句子：The spending on teachers’ salaries remained the greatest during the period between 1981 and 2001, while the expenditure on other workers’ salaries showed a downward trend over the same period.

错误提示：这个句子的问题出在内容上。对于并列连词而言，除了并列两个句子以外，还承担这两句间的内容衔接的作用。此句中的连词“while”即是承担了内容上对比的责任。这意味着，while连接的前后两句话必须要含有对比的含义，此处两句话中，前句是在做数据比较，而后句是在进行趋势描述，无法构成对比关系，所以这个并列句也是失败的。

正确的句子：The spending on teachers’ salaries remained the greatest during the period between 1981 and 2001, while the expenditure on other workers’ salaries was always the lowest.

常用的并列连词：

表示联合的并列连词：and; both…and…; not only…but also…

例句：This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. (C6 T4, p.99)

表示选择的并列连词：or, either… or…; neither…nor…

例句：Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility he or she holds. (C6 T2, p.53)

表示转折对比的并列连词：but; while; whereas

例句：The talents that are probably inherited via their genes can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. (C7 T1, p.31)

即使是熟悉如并列结构，也隐藏着种种被烤鸭们忽视的奥秘，而正是这些细节的准确度，影响着每一篇文章的得分。将简单的结构运用得准确巧妙，同样可以帮助咱们痛快屠鸭！

作者简介：

强明晶，上海新东方英联邦雅思写作教师。

雅思写作高分获得者。

英国卡迪夫大学国际公共关系硕士。

熟悉英语国家语言文学，英语语言功底扎实。

在英留学期间，游历全英及几个欧洲主要国家，深谙中西方文化差异。

曾帮助学员在18小时内获得进步达到单科7分。教学认真严谨，耐心负责，循循善诱，善于将所授知识与学生爱好相结合，激发学生学习兴趣。

具有丰富地一对一及小班课程授课经验。