【新东方雅思阅读】雅思阅读模拟题精选（八）

以下是新东方雅思为您带来的【新东方雅思阅读】雅思阅读模拟题精选（八），更多雅思阅读资讯请关注新东方雅思。

想获得更多资料，可以查看新东方托福6月精选和新东方雅思6月精选。欢迎来电咨询更多雅思课程，免费获取更多雅思资料。

学雅思还是新东方雅思好，想了解新东方雅思培训价格、新东方在线雅思怎么样、新东方雅思培训怎么样等问题，欢迎关注新东方雅思以直接获得一手信息！

另外，新东方雅思上课形式多样，有新东方雅思预备班、新东方雅思学前班、新东方雅思体验班、新东方雅思冲刺班等，总有一款适合你！

1. Washing, brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2. Instead, excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves, and freezing samples as they are found, dirt and all, concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA, Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris, France, and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information, they say, needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3,200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species, called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947, and stored in a museum collection, or in 2004, and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.

5. The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils, however, all yielded DNA.

6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time, and in the same conditions, the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. "As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3,200 years before," she says.Wash in, wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone, their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA, Geigl explains.

8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath, which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. "Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out, but contamination is getting washed in," says Geigl.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already, says Hendrik Poinar, an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators, says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases, he says.

11. People's team, which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA, continually faces these problems. "When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains, there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA," he says.

12. This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed, notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab, for example, had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.　　Warm and wet

14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place, and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason, Geigl says, most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples, such as the woolly mammoth, or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15. Better conservation methods, and a focus on fresh fossils, could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens, says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.(640 words nature 

想获得更多优秀高效的雅思阅读学习方法，请关注新东方雅思。新东方雅思培训班、新东方雅思一对一、新东方雅思网课等多种教学形式任你挑。

更有新东方雅思口语、新东方雅思听力、新东方雅思阅读、新东方雅思写作等各种专项课程来针对性学习。

还有新东方雅思词汇音频、新东方雅思词汇电子版、新东方雅思词汇乱序版pdf、新东方雅思网课讲义等资料等你来拿！

本文整理了雅思阅读关于阅读模拟题精选等方面的解析供大家参考使用，预祝各位新东方雅思学员在雅思考试中取得优异的成绩！

以上是新东方雅思为您带来的【新东方雅思阅读】雅思阅读模拟题精选（八），更多雅思阅读资讯请关注新东方雅思。

想获得更多资料，可以查看新东方托福6月精选和新东方雅思6月精选。欢迎来电咨询更多雅思课程，免费获取更多雅思资料。