英国的经济

　　在雅思听力考试中有很多关于英国经济的话题，如果有英国的经济背景知识作为基础将会对这些话题的理解和相关问题的解答有很大的帮助

　　1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britain’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term “Britain disease” is now used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.

　　1950年至1973年兼，英国的国民生产总值平均年增长率为3%。经济发展受阻于长期收支平衡的赤字，现在常用“英国病”这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征

　　2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.

　　到1947年底，英国经济恢复到战前水平，50到60年代，英国经济的特点是发展缓慢而稳定，失业少，消费上升，物质极度繁荣。

　　3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.

　　约翰，凯恩斯建议政府在利用物价和收入政策从根本上抑制通胀的同时，应该利用财政和货币政策来微调社会总需求，以达到充分就业的目的。

　　4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.

　　1973年爆发了第一次石油危机，结果通胀率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在发达国家中，英国增长率最低而通胀率最高。

　　5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.

　　由撒切尔夫人提出的新经济计划以新的古典思想学派理论为基础，私有化、撤销价格管制和市场自由化取代了物价和收入控制及政府的干涉主义。

　　6.Mrs. Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.

　　在过去十年，撒切尔政府运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取许多措施提高经济效益。

　　7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.

　　正如20世纪40年代在英国以国有化的十年被记住一样，80年代的十年将以私有化被人们记住，过去十年里几乎有40%的国有企业被私有化。

　　8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britain’s coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a “sick” industry.

　　和其他许多国家相比，英国煤储备相当丰富。正是英国煤田的发展引起了工业革命，今天的英国媒业被称为“生病”工业。

　　9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.

　　过去天然气和石油分别在1965年和1970年在北海发现，今天的英国石油不仅能自给自足，还有盈余出口。

　　10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from Spain•Sweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.

　　中部地区既有煤储藏也有铁矿石储藏，因此中部地区成为钢铁中心。但今天当地储备已枯竭，矿石必须从西班牙、瑞典和其他地方进口，英国许多钢铁厂原先的地理优势已经一去不返。

　　11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britain’s textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英国主要纺织基地是现在的中东部，约克郡和汉伯塞德郡及北爱尔兰。英国纺织业德显著衰退尤其表现在棉布、黄麻和亚麻布的生产上。但高质的羊毛商品还未受影响。

　　12.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britain’s textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.

　　英国主要纺织基地是现在的中东部，约克郡和汉伯塞德郡及北爱尔兰。英国纺织业德显著衰退尤其表现在棉布、黄麻和亚麻布的生产上。但高质的羊毛商品还未受影响。

　　13.In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms(Ford, the Rover Group, GM-Vauxhall, and Peugeot)

　　20世纪初，英国汽车工业在中地西部和英格兰东南部得到发展，现在英国地汽车业受控于四大公司(福特，拉夫集团，GM凡克斯豪和波昂特)。

　　14.There are three areas in Britain which have been some high-tech industrial growth: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area and East Anglia and the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland.

　　英国高科技工业发展较好的地区有三个：伦敦和南威尔士之间的地区、东英吉利的剑桥地区以及苏格兰的哥拉斯哥和爱丁堡之间的地区。

　　15.The British were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. In British only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land and managed like an industrial business.

　　英国是现代农业先驱，他们领先在农业中引进科学和机械。英国只有3%的农业人口，但他们却管理70%的土地。

　　16.There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.

　　英国主要有六种农作业类型：耕地业、乳品业、家畜业、混合农业、山地畜牧业和市场果蔬业。

　　17.Arable farming emphasizes crop production and occurs on the more fertile soils. The chief crops are wheat, barely, oats, sugar beer and potatoes. During farming rears cattle primarily for milk production. Western regions with moderate rainfull, mild winters and cool summers are often important dairy areas.

　　耕地业重点是农作物生产，所需较肥沃的土壤，主要农作物有小麦，大麦，燕麦，甜菜和土豆。乳品业饲养的牛主要供生产牛奶。因此，降雨量适中，冬天温和，夏天凉爽的西部地区是重要的奶制业地区。

　　18.Stock farming rears livestock primarily for meat (e.g. beef , lamb). Market gardening is the growing of vegetable and fruit which can be rapidly transported to market while fresh.

　　家畜业饲养家畜主要是提供肉食(例如牛肉和羊肉)。市场果蔬业种植蔬菜和水果，在新鲜时就快捷的运输到市场出售。

　　19.Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Napoleon called it a “nation of shopkeepers” and it has remained one even after the end of empire and the loss of its political and economic hegemony.

　　英国是世界第五大贸易国，拿破仑称之为“店主之国”，即使英国瓦解，失去经济和政治霸权地位之后，还是一直保持贸易强国身份。