雅思阅读长难句整理

　　52. Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways. 但是，某些地质学家，以对地幔捕虏岩体(xenolith)所作的观察为依据，指出地幔并非是分层排列的，相反，地幔的异质性是由那些富含"不相容成分"的流质构成的，这些成分趋向于流体而非固体的状态，自下而上渗透扩散，并依照这些流质流向的任意性，不规则地将上部地幔的某些部分予以改变。

　　53. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve's blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed these to take over it a steadily developing novel. F认为，P在1908年试图开始写一部小说，又为了写一部批判S-B的 伟大作品的真正本质的视而不见的长篇的证明而放弃了这部小说，其后又发现这一论文又勾起了其个人记忆及小说情节的萌生，使得后者取而代之形成了一部稳定展开的小说。

　　54. The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently. 各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感，层出不穷并不断重新组合排列;正是这些有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂性，致使普鲁斯特难于将它们错落有致地安排好。

　　55. But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb's newly published complete edition of Proust's correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. 但是我们当中的那些希望(也算上K本人)K新出版的P1909年书信的全集能够更加详细的记录下这一过程的人都大失所望。

　　56. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people - a charter minority on our own land. 现在我们必须也按照我们墨西哥裔的美国人的经历来审视这个文化，我们的经历是从一个主权的民族变成了新来的定居者的同胞，在最终沦落成为一个被征服的民族——在我们自己的土地上的契约的少数民族。

　　57. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA's (mRNA's) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these Mrna'S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cDNA's should still bind to these mRNA's，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA's for the true hormones. 科学家可以制造出特异的(specific)互补DNA's(cDNA's)，以此作为分子探子(molecular probe)，探觅出肽激素的信使RNA's(mRNA's)。如果大脑正在制造着肽激素，则细胞就会含有这些信使RNA's.假若细胞所制造的产品类似于肽激素但并非与这些肽激素全然相同，那么，互补cDNA's应仍然和这些信使mDNA's粘结的程度。含有这些mRNA's的脑细胞然后就可以被分离开来，研究者可对其信使RNA's进行解码，以确定它们的蛋白质产品究竟是什么，并确定这些蛋白质产品在何种程度上类似于真正的肽激素。

　　58. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. 采用cDNA探子来测定肽激素的这一分子生物学方法同时也应该比免疫学的方法速度来得快，因为对于免疫的方法来说，需耗费好几年枯燥的提纯进程，方能将肽素分离了出来，然后再培养出针对它们的抗血清。

　　59. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. 然而，研究P时代的研究者发展除了各种各样的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系统，用来显示如果由他们来决定地质事件的话他们将会如何安排冰川纪。

　　60. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. 这一序列演替(succession)所依据的，主要是一系列与冰川期和间冰期并不直接相关的地质沉积物和地质事件，而不是依据更为普遍的现代方法，去研究间冰层(interglacial bed)中所发现的生物残留物，而这些间冰层本身又在冰川沉积物发生间层化(interstatified)。

　　61. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. 人们试图对这些禁忌作出解释，所依据的要么是那些正置身于某一身体需要满足的人与那些并置身于某一身体需要之满足的人之间的，要么是那些早已酒足饭饱的人与那些正在不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽失之间的不相称的社会关系。

　　62. Many critics of Family Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation. 研究艾米丽。勃朗特(Emily Bronte)小说《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)的许多文学评论家，将小说的第二部分视作一种对比物，即使没有将第一部分予以逆转的话，也是在对第一部分作出一种诠释评判，而在小说第一部分中，一种"浪漫的"的读解能获得更为充分的确证。

　　63. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does(15) encourage attempts to unify the novel's heterogeneous parts. 诚然，这些因素的存在并不能证明作者对小说架构的意识可与亨利。詹姆斯(Henry James)的那种意识相比拟;然则，任何力图将小说所有形形色色的因素统一起来的做法，在某种程度上注定是无法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都统一、当然，表让步，=admitted , of course.

　　64. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger)，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. 这倒不是因为这样的一种解释必定会僵化成为一个命题(尽管对这部或任何一部小说的解释中，僵化死板总是一种危险)，而是因为《呼啸山庄》拥有一些极难驾御的因素，以其无可辩驳的力度，最终拒绝被囿于一个囊括无遗的解释中。

　　65. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. 铅的同位素构成经常在一种普通铜矿石来源与另一种铜矿石来源之间存在差异，其差异程度超出测量误差;而最初的研究表明，对于来自单独一个铜矿石来源的铅来说，其同位素构成几乎是毫无二致的。

　　66. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. 更有可能的是鸟类运输：或者是通过外部途径，即由于种籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通过内部方式，即由于鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出来。

　　67. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England's policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution . 一个对于后来成了美国的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配，而且认为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的政策上的转变——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了最终导致美国革命的紧张气氛。

　　68. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. 现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。