雅思写作中的个性表达方法指导

       在很多考生的概念中，议论文是辩论式的文章，需要摆事实、讲道理。他们认为，用“说理”性的文字来证明自己的观点才是最具有说服力的，相对而言，用太多的个人经历、情绪、喜好等“个性化”内容作为论据则会因为缺乏“普遍适用性”不够让人信服。这样的想法也不无道理，确实，有些学生的文章出现了过多的以“I”引出的个人经历式论据，过多的谈论自己经历的某些事件，使文章偏离了辩论的初衷，反倒有点像记叙文，这就是教师需要题型学生要注意避免的问题了。

　　然而适当地在文章中穿插一些与个人经历或个人喜好有关的一些描述，会使文章变得更富个性化色彩，语言显得更为活泼生动，在千篇一律的说理式文章中显得更为出众，给考官留下好的印象。此外，个性经历式的描述从语言说上比较具体，考生在语言组织方面也会轻松很多。那么怎样进行个性化思路的表达呢?本文将从议论文的引言段、主体段和结尾段出发，分析一些具有个性化思路的范文，并总结一些议论文个性化表达的方案。

　　一、引言段部分的个性化表达：

　　一个好的引言段对议论文的作用不言而喻，比较常规的写法是在引言段的开始对议论文的话题作背景陈述，通常是大致介绍考题中所涉及的事物或行为在当今社会的总体情况或特征。这种写作方式中规中矩，但很难表现出个性化色彩。导致很多文章总是在用“Nowadays…”、“With the development of…”等千篇一律的套句。而个性化的表达可以使文章的背景介绍与自己的亲身经历相结合，使文章变得更为鲜活，开头段便显得与众不同，引起考官的注意。下面来看一个例子：

　　People in the modern world are enjoying greater wealth but they are not as fit and active as they were in the past. What are the reasons? Suggest some measures to solve this problem.

　　I keep on nodding in agreement when seeing the background information of the question. I myself have always been struggling not to be overweight. Unfortunately， like most others， I failed. As to why people nowadays are not as fit and active as they were， various factors can be identified.

　　二，主体段(理由段)中的个性化表达：

　　主体段(理由段)是比较难以进行个性化表达的部分，或者说在理由段进行个性化表达要特别注意“分寸”，因为如果理由段中的个性化表达过多，则会造成前文所说到的降低文章论据“普遍实用性”和说服力的结果。那么怎样达到个性化和说服力的平衡性呢?我们可以先看两段文字

　　Some people warn that the era of the silver screen is coming to an end and that people will eventually lose interest in going to the cinema. Do you agree or disagree with this view?

　　个性化理由段-讨论interest in going to the cinema

　　However， the cinemas in my home country are still full every weekend and when a new film is released we are all keen to go and watch it. In fact， many small cinemas have been rebuilt and we can now go to large centres that have six or eight cinema screens and show up to ten different films a night. An evening out at the cinema is fun and some films， particularly horror and science fiction films， are much better on the big screen.

　　There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays?

       个性化理由段-讨论international music重要性

　　However， there is one reason why international music may be more important， and that is since it is widely liked internationally， it helps unite the world. I noticed this in Korea， when I saw young Korean boys dancing in unison to modern rock music. The traditional Korean music is often too difficult， high toned and not relevant to the lives of younger people.

　　在第一段话中，作者结合自己国家的电影市场情况说，说明人们还是有兴趣去电影院看电影的;在第二段话中，作者结合自己去韩国旅游的所见所闻证明了国际音乐的重要性。可以看出，这两个主体段的理由陈述都是和个人经历相结合的，所以文章显得很有个性化，但却完全不失辩论力度。这样的理由段写作方法也是值得教学中让学生体会和尝试的。

　　三，结尾段中的个性化表达：

　　在议论文写作中，结尾段通常是观点的重申。很多学生因为表达方式的缺乏，会觉得重述观点是一件比较困难的事，因此文章匆忙结尾。而适当加入个性化的思路表达，可以使文章的结尾变得更加生动。比如下面这段结尾：

　　结尾段强调保持健康的重要性：

　　I believe that all of us can imagine the daring consequences of living a life without a sound body. Therefore I decide to walk home instead of taking a taxi.

　　总而言之，个性化的表达可以出现在文章的引言段、主体段和结尾段，这些个性化的文字与传统说理辩论式语言一样，都能够达到清晰地提出或证明观点的目的。巧妙地使用这些个性化的语言和思路，可以使文章的辩论变得“平易近人”且别具一格。