经典长难句▪非谓语动词

抄写并翻译：

① Heasserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was verylimited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

②Research on animal intelligence also makesuswonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.

③

Weare thus ledto distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so

far considering, a more formal kind of education — that of direct tuition or schooling.

④ It  is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

⑤To read such books todayisto marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.

解析君君已备好：

①

[分析]本句的主干为he asserted that+宾语从句。that所引导宾语从句的主干为his power was limited。不定式短语to follow… thought作后置定语修饰power。for which reason引导非限定性定语从句，which指代其前宾语从句的内容，此定语从句中又嵌套着另一个由that 引导的宾语从句he never could have succeeded with mathematics。

[翻译]此外，他还断言自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

②

[分析]该句的主干结构为Research…makes us wonder…，其中wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance为不带to的动词不定式，作宾语补足语。在此不定式中，what引导的从句作wonder的宾语，该宾语从句使用了虚拟语气：if they had…, animals would…，表示假设的情况。

[翻译]对动物智力的研究同样促使我们追问：如果有机会的话，动物会在人类身上做什么样的试验？

③

[分析]本句主干为：we are led to distinguish... a... kind of education；to引导的不定式结构to distinguish a more formal kind of education—that of...schooling在句中作宾语，破折号后部分为a more formal kind of education的同位语，此不定式结构中distinguish与其宾语a more formal kind of education被句子的状语within the broad...considering分隔开，形成了分割结构；within引导的介词结构在句中作状语，其中还包含一个限制性定语从句。

[翻译]这就引导我们在一直思考的广义的教育过程中区分出一种更为正规的教育形式，即直接指导或学校教育。

④

[分析]该句的主干结构为It is difficult...to imagine a time...。其中，it为形式主语，而真正主语则是不定式复合结构to imagine a time when...。介词短语to the point of impossibility作程度状语，对difficult作进一步说明。介词短语under the age of forty是the average reader的后置定语，说明reader的具体情况。关系副词when引导的限定性定语从句修饰time，在此定语从句中，high-quality arts criticism作主语，could be found作谓语，而in most big-city newspapers则作地点状语。

[翻译]对于40岁以下的普通读者而言，他们难以想象一个可以在大多数大城市的报纸上读到高质量的艺术评论的时代。

⑤

[分析]该句的主干结构为To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that...。句中包含两个动词不定式，前一不定式作主语，后一不定式作表语。这种类似的情况在英语中颇为常见，如：To know yourself well is to esteem yourself little.（有自知之明的人不会自大。）在后一不定式中，还包含一个由关联词that引导的同位语从句，修饰先行词fact。

[翻译]如今读一读这类些书籍会使人们惊异于对这一事实，即这些书籍中博大精深的内容曾被认为适合刊登在面对大众发行的日报上。

前缀：

1. crypt=secret

cryptogram密码

2. de=from, away, down

descend下降

3. dia=through, across

dialogue对话

4. demi=half

demitasse小咖啡杯

5. di=two

dioxide二氧化物

6. dis=not, opposite, remove

disease病；disappear消失

7. e, ec, ex=out

emigrate移民；ecstasy入迷；忘形；export出口；输出

8. en= to make; to cause to be

enlarge扩大

9. fore=front, before

forecast预测；预报

10. in, im=in, into, on

invade侵略；immigrate移民

后缀：

表示状态、性质、行为或处境的名词后缀

1. -ance    resistance阻力；反抗

2. -ism      hypnotism催眠术；催眠状态

3. -ancy    hesitancy犹豫

4. -ness    happiness幸福

5. -dom     freedom自由

6. -sion, -tion

confusion混淆；困惑；function功能

7. -ery      bravery勇气；勇敢

8. -tude    gratitude感激

9. -hood   childhood童年

10. -ty      loyalty忠诚

20. in, im=in, into, on

invade侵略；immigrate移民