导语:上海
中考结束,又一批新学子将走进高中的大门。上海
高一英语与初中英语相比难度有很大提升,以下为上海
新东方优能中学为各位新
高一学子提供的
高一英语学习知识点。
上海高一英语必修知识点大全
单词聚焦
1. afford
(1) (和can,could,be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do
We can't afford to pay such a price.
afford + n. / pron. (出得起;买得起等)
They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)
He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
2. apologize的用法
▲ 构词:apology n. 辩解,道歉
▲ 搭配:
① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
[考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。
[答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是"道歉"。
3. choice的用法
▲搭配:
① make a choice 选择
② make choice of 挑选,选择,选定
③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选
④ have no choice but to do sth 非……不可,除……之外别无他法
【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
[考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。
[答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式.意思是
"选择",在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to
do sth"不得不干……"。
4. determine的用法
▲ 构词:determination n. 决心,决断,决意;决定,确定
▲ 搭配:
① determine to do sth 决定做某事
② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定
③ a man of determination 有决断力的人
▲ 辨析:decide;determine这两个词都有"决定"的意思。decide的含义是"不再迟疑不定",而
determine含义是"把某件事确定下来"。
在be determined to do…这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为"下定了决心"。
decide的名词为decision,determine的名词为determination。例如:At first,she decided to go to the police,…起初,她决定去找警察……
▲ 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时,其含义有时是"断
定"。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。
注:在determine to do...,determine on (upon)... 和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中,determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。
注:decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?
【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.
A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover
[考查目标]determine的用法。
[答案与解析]B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。
5. encourage的用法
▲ 构词:
① encouraging adj. 鼓励的,给予希望的,振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的
② encouraged adj. 被激励的,受到鼓舞的
③ encouragement n. 鼓励,激励
④ discourage v. 使泄气;劝阻
▲ 搭配:① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受……鼓励/鼓舞
【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[考查目标] encourage的用法。
[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为:我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。
6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping
(1) 逃走;跑掉 + from / out of = run away from
The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.
(2)逃脱;逃避 + n. / doing
He narrowly escaped death / being killed.
There's no way to escape doing the work.
escape还可表示:
①(液体等)漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。
② 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。
③ 疏忽,忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。
escape n
① 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。
②(气体)漏出,泄出;解闷She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。
7. hunt的用法
▲ 构词:hunter n. 猎人,搜寻者
▲ 搭配:
① hunt for / after追猎;寻找,搜寻
② hunt out 找出;调查出
【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.
A. hunting for B. waiting for
C. shooting for D. aiming for
[考查目标]本题考查hunt for的意思。
[答案与解析]A hunt for原来是"猎取"的意思,引中为"搜寻,寻找"。
8. impression n. 印象
(1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.
(2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象;想法That's my first impression of the new college.
(3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.
9. interrupt的用法vt, vi
① 阻断;中断 Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。
② 打岔;插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话,是不礼貌的。 "Don't interrupt," he said."别插话, "他说。
▲构词:
① interrupter n. 打岔者,打断者
② interruption n. 打岔.打断,使中断的事物
【考例】[2005山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.
A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt
[考查目标] interrupt的词义。
[答案与解析]D interrupt的意思是"打断;使中断".
后接指人或指物的各种名词。
10. marry
(1) vi. 结婚 He didn't marry until he was fifty.
(2) vt. 和……结婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert.
(3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman.
(4) vt. (教士等) 为……主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.
[比较]
(1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作
His oldest girl got married last month.
(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态
How long have you been married?
11. moment的用法 n.
① 片刻;瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。
② 时机;机遇;时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。
③ 重要性 a matter of great moment
一件极重要的事情
▲搭配:
① at any moment 随时;在任何时候;马上
② at the last moment 在最后关头
③ at the moment 此刻;(正当)那时
④ every moment 时时刻刻
⑤ for a moment 片刻
⑥ in a moment 一会儿,不久;立即,马上
⑦ the moment(that)... 一……就……
【考例】[NMET 2004 II] "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh. "But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."
A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments
[考查目标] moment的词义。
[答案与解析] D moment可以指"时刻",在本句中用了复数,意思是"一些次"。
12. owe的用法owed, owing
▲ 搭配:
①(常与for连用)欠,欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost £4 , but I only paid £3 so I still owe £1. 食品要4英镑,可我只付了3英镑,因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。
☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为…欠某人…
② 对…负有义务;感恩;感激We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。
③(常与to连用)归功于;由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
【考例】[2004湖北] "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.
A. Owe B. lend C. give D. offer
[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]A owe表示"欠"的时候是及物动词,可以接双宾语。
13. reason n. 原因;理由
(1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.
(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.
(3) + 从句;从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.
(4) for + reason,为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.
[比较] cause"原因;起因"
the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)
the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)
14. role
(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.
(2) (现实生活中的) 身份;作用
What is your role on the Committee?
(3) play a...role in... = play a...part in在……中扮演……角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.
15. serve v.
(1) 为……服务/工作 A slave serves his master.
(2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.
(3) 侍候吃饭,端(菜);供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.
(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作……用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.
16. speed的用法
▲搭配:
① at a high speed 以很大的速度
② at full / top speed 用全速,开足马力,尽力(快)地;
③ with great / an speed 用全速,开足马力
④ speed up 加速,快点
【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, " ____!"
A. Speed up B. No hurry
C. Wait a minute D. Slow down
[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。
[答案与解析]A speed up意思是"加速,快点"的意思。
17. stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视,注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词,努力想记起它的意思。
[习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前;摆在眼前
▲辨析:gaze;stare;glare这组动词的一般含义是"凝视"。
gaze表示"目不转睛地看",并含有"惊叹"、"羡慕"或"入迷"的意思。例如:She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿,然后补充说:"你根本不需要书柜。"
stare 特别表示"睁大眼睛凝视",并含有"惊奇"、"傲慢" 或"茫然"的意思。例如:The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。
glare 表示"凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛"的意思。例如:The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。
【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
[考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。
[答案与解析]D watch意思是"观察",是长时问关注;而stare at却是"盯着"。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18. trouble
(1) 麻烦;烦恼;烦心的事 (可数,不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.
(2) 困难;费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
[相关短语]
(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼;自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事;有困难;出事;惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦;增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事;费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空:(speed,owe,encourage,decide,moment,apologize)
1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.
2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.
3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.
4. Since it was a bit later,we had to ____ up.
5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.
6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.